Non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibit phosphorolysis and resensitize the 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant polymerase to AZT-5'-triphosphate
| Autor: | Alberto Pérez-Mediavilla, Valerie Dolle, Juan J. Martinez-Irujo, Laura Tarrago-Litvak, Chi Hung Nguyen, Marie-Line Andreola, Carlos Cruchaga, Leticia Odriozola |
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| Rok vydání: | 2003 |
| Předmět: |
Nevirapine
Anti-HIV Agents viruses Mutation Missense Biology Biochemistry Zidovudine Adenosine Triphosphate Drug Resistance Viral medicine Humans Thymine Nucleotides heterocyclic compounds Phosphorylation Molecular Biology Phosphorolysis chemistry.chemical_classification Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor virus diseases Drug Synergism Cell Biology biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition Reverse transcriptase HIV Reverse Transcriptase Diphosphates Protein Subunits Enzyme chemistry Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Drug Therapy Combination Primer (molecular biology) Nucleoside medicine.drug Dideoxynucleotides |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of biological chemistry. 278(43) |
| ISSN: | 0021-9258 |
| Popis: | Removal of 3'-azido-3'deoxythymidine (AZT) 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate (AZTMP) from the terminated primer mediated by the human HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) has been proposed as a relevant mechanism for the resistance of HIV to AZT. Here we compared wild type and AZT-resistant (D67N/K70R/T215Y/K219Q) RTs for their ability to unblock the AZTMP-terminated primer by phosphorolysis in the presence of physiological concentrations of pyrophosphate or ATP. The AZT-resistant enzyme, as it has been previously described, showed an increased ability to unblock the AZTMP-terminated primer by an ATP-dependent mechanism. We found that only mutations in the p66 subunit were responsible for this ability. We also found that three structurally divergent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), nevirapine, TIBO, and a 4-arylmethylpyridinone derivative, were able to inhibit the phosphorolytic activity of the enzyme, rendering the AZT-resistant RT sensitive to AZTTP. The 4-arylmethylpyridinone derivative proved to be about 1000-fold more potent in inhibiting phosphorolysis than nevirapine or TIBO. Moreover, combinations of AZTTP with NNRTIs exhibited an exceptionally high degree of synergy in the inhibition of AZT-resistant enzyme only when ATP or PPi were present, indicating that inhibition of phosphorolysis was responsible for the synergy found in the combination. Our results not only demonstrate the importance of phosphorolysis concerning HIV-1 RT resistance to AZT but also point to the implication of this activity in the strong synergy found in some combinations of NNRTIs with AZT. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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