Ecclisomyia simulata Banks 1920

Autor:	Givens, Donald R.
Rok vydání:	2018
Předmět:	Insecta Arthropoda Limnephilidae Trichoptera Animalia Biodiversity Ecclisomyia Ecclisomyia simulata Taxonomy
DOI:	10.5281/zenodo.5975599
Popis:	Ecclisomyia simulata Banks 1920 Figs. 30a��30c; 31a��31c; 32a��32c; 33a, 33b; 34a, 34b; 35a, 35b; 36a��36d; 40; 41; 42; 43d. Ecclisomyia simulata Banks, 1920, 346, figs. 101, 106. Holotype male, M.C.Z. 10,876, Reno, Nevada (H.K. Morrison); Ross (1950, 425, fig. 15, 15a, b, male genitalia, distribution); Denning (1951, 161, 162, distribution); Schmid (1955, 59, E. simulata as synonym of E. maculosa); Newell & Minshall (1977, 255, distribution); Ruiter et al. (2014, 27, E. simulata as valid species, distribution); Givens (2014, 160, 170, distribution). Male diagnosis. Inferior appendages of E. simulata and E. maculosa each have 2 stout spines arising from the mesobasal area, with 1��4 smaller black stout spines lateral of these 2 basal spines. The inferior appendages of E. conspersa each have a black, stout spine (Figs. 10a, 11b); the inferior appendages of E. bilera are without spines (Figs. 1a, 1b). Ecclisomyia simulata has the distal area of the fused parameres of the phallus with a deep U- to Vshaped notch (Figs. 30b, 31b); that of E. maculosa has a shallow U- to V-shaped notch (Figs. 22b, 23b). Inferior appendages of E. simulata are longitudinally short, versus long in E. maculosa. Male description. See Banks (1920); Ross (1950). A supplementary description follows: Length 11��14 mm (N = 15). Head, thorax, legs brown. Wings uniformly brown; hyaline; patterned with whitish spots. Head with 3 ocelli, lateral ocelli closer to eyes than to midline. Antennae each with about 52 segments; except for segments 1 (scape) and 2 each segment with 4��7 stout black to translucent spines positioned midway; spines sometimes closer to distal area of antennal segment; dorsal surfaces clothed with numerous fine black setae. Tergum VIII brown with numerous long setae (Figs. 30a, 31c); sternum VIII brown, with numerous short setae (Figs. 30a, 30b). Pleura well developed, membranous. Superior appendages broader at anterior base, narrowing distally, rounded apically, bearing hair-like setae (Figs. 30a, 30b; 31a, 31b). Tergum IX nearly semicircular in lateral view longest mesolaterally, longitudinally short dorsally and ventrally; dorsal, ventral, and anterior margins heavily sclerotized (Figs 30a, 31a); left and right lateral portions connected dorsally and ventrally with transverse sclerotized bridges (straps) (Figs. 30b, 30c, 31c). Tergum X elongate, extending caudad, with many small spicules (Fig. 30a). Intermediate appendage ventral of tergum X sclerotized; distal margin with several elongate setae (Figs. 30a, 31a). Apices of parameres fused, with deep U-shaped notch apically forming 2 prong-like caudal extensions (Figs. 30b, 30c; 31b, 31c). Phallus with broad phallocrypt; narrowing posteriorly, curving dorsad. Inferior appendages triangular in lateral aspect (Fig. 30a); long hair-like setae on lateral and distal dorsal and ventral surfaces; each with 2 large stout black to reddish-brown spines arising from base and extending caudad (Figs. 30b, 31b). Lateral of these two black spines 2��4 shorter, dark brown to black spines (Figs. 30b, 31b). Female diagnosis. The distal margin of tergum X has a U-shaped incision extending about 3/4 the length of the segment (Figs 32a, 32b); the distal margin of tergum X of E. maculosa has a V-shaped incision extending about 1/2��3/4 the length of the segment (Figs. 24b, 25b). The external part of gonopod VIII is large in both species, but in E. simulata it is longer than wide (Figs. 32a, 32b) whereas in E. maculosa it is nearly as wide as long (Figs. 24c, 25b, 25c) and in E. bilera it is short and narrow (Figs. 3b, 4a). In all females of E. simulata examined, the caudal margin of the external part of gonopod VIII is concave. The external part of gonopod IX has a mesal V-shaped incision, whereas in E. bilera it is concave in ventral aspect. The external gonopod of segment IX sclerotized, wide, not as deeply incised as in E. maculosa, only extending posterad 1 X its width (Figs. 32a, 32b); in E. maculosa the external gonopod of segment IX is narrow caudal margin with deep V-shaped declivity, extending posterad about 2 X its width beyond caudal margin of the external part of segment VIII (Figs. 24c, 25b, 25b). The spermathecal sclerite is quadrate in E. simulata (Figs. 32a, 32b) and not as long as in E. conspersa (Fig. 13a) nor as rounded as in E. bilera (Fig. 3b). Female description. Length 11��14 mm (N = 15). Tergum X fused with tergum IX; viewed from dorsal aspect incised into 2 lobes, incision about 1/2��to 3/4 length of tergum. External gonopod of segment VIII large; caudal margin concave; lateral margins straight (Figs. 32a, 32b). External gonopod of segment IX sclerotized, divided mesally with V-shaped incision (Figs. 32a, 32b); fused anteriorly, forming dorsal surface of vaginal opening; extending beyond vaginal opening and 1 X its width posterad of external gonopod of segment VIII; lobes flared laterally; flanged in lateral aspect. Spermathecal sclerite compact, extending anterad about 1/2 length of abdominal segment VIII; about as wide as long, but sometimes slightly wider than long (Figs. 32a, 32b). Pupal diagnosis. The E. simulata pupa may be separated from pupae of the other three Nearctic Ecclisomyia species by the presence of dorsal gills on abdominal segment IIa, absent in the others. The E. s imulata pupa may also be separated from the pupa of E. conspersa by the absence of lateral line gills that are present on abdominal segments IIp��IVa of the E. conspersa pupa (Fig. 42). Each apical process of E. simulata has 2 stout, long, black setae at the apex (Figs. 33a, 35a), whereas those of E. conspersa each have 3 stout, long, black setae (Figs. 15a, 17a). Pupal description. Length 10��12mm (N = 11). Head: Brown to light brown. Male antennae extending to apices of apical processes; female antennae extending to anterior margin of abdominal segment VI. Labrum light brown; semicircular posterior margin sinuate, rounded anteriorly, with 10 long black setae on dorsal surface, setae directed dorsad, distal end of each seta hooked (Fig. 36a). Mandibles (Fig. 36b) reddish-brown to reddish-black; bases of mandibles broad, each curving mesad, rapidly tapering to sharp single sickle-shaped tooth; mesal margin of each mandible with minute serrations difficult to discern with light microscope. Thorax: Pro-, meso-, and metanota brown to yellowish-brown; pro-, meso-, and metathoracic legs light brown. Procoxae each with 1 long black setae near lateral margin and 1 short black seta on ventral surface. Mesocoxae with 1 black seta near lateral surface and infrequently with 1 short black seta on ventral surface. Pro- and metafemora each with single black spine on distal margin. Profemora each also with single short black spine on ventral surface near distal margin. Mesotarsal segments 1��4 each with pair of lateral fringes of long, fine, brownblackish to reddish to opaque fine silk-like hairs, directed posterad. Abdomen: Dorsal abdominal segments light brown to reddish brown. Lateral fringe of long fine black hairs on each side directed dorsad; originating from posterior margin of abdominal segment V; line of fringe arching ventrad, extending to posterior margin of abdominal segment VIII. Dorsal and ventral abdominal gills each singlefilament; present dorsoposteriorly and ventroposteriorly on segments II��VII; present dorsoanteriorly on abdominal segments II��VII; present ventroanteriorly on abdominal segments III��VII (Fig. 42). Dorsal process of abdominal segment I quadrate (Fig. 36d); shape of dorsal process varying with maturity of pupa; minutely wrinkled, with 2 sclerotized lobes lateral to longitudinal axis, each posterior lobe with 7��15 reddish black spicules along posterior margin. Pairs of hook plates present anteriorly on abdominal segments III��VII (Figs. 36c, 40, 41); posteriorly on segment V. Hook plates IIIa each with 3��5 hooks; IVa with 3��4; Va with 2��6; Vp with 15��21; VIa with 3��5, and VIIa with 4��6; reddish brown, hooks reddish black, directed posterad on anterior hook plates of segments III��VII and anterad on elliptical hook plates Vp. Dorsal abdominal segments I��VIII each with 1 pair of black sa 2 setae (Fig. 36c); segments IV��VII sometimes with 1 pair short, black sa 1 setae; segment VI sometimes with 2 or 3 setae along lateral margins; 1 or 2 setae lateral of sa 2 setae; segment VII with 2��4 black setae lateral of sa 2 setae; segment VIII with 3��5 black setae lateral of meson on distal margin. Venter of abdominal segments II��VIII with 1 pair of short, black sa 1 setae and 1 pair of black sa 3 setae; posterior area of segment VIII with black ss setae. Ventral abdominal setae variable; number and presence of setae not consistent. Distal area formed into 2 caudal lobes (apical processes); lobes of female curved apicomesad, mesal margins slanted mesad, caudal areas of lobes angulate, dorsal surfaces of lobes wrinkled basally; lateral margins of apical processes sinuate (Figs. 35a, 35b). Apical processes of males straight, directed caudad (Figs. 33a, 34a). Dorsal surfaces of apical processes with minute reddish to translucent spicules (Fig.33a). Caudal lobes each with 2 long, black, stout setae on distal margin (Figs. 33a, 33b; 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b), with lateral reddish spur on distal margin, and with 3 short, fine setae along mesal surface. Anterodorsal area of female apical processes with transverse row of long black setae (Fig. 35a). Dorsomesal area of male apical processes with 3��5 long, black setae lateral of meson (Fig. 33a). Pupal case. Length 11��13 mm (N = 9), width at anterior end 4 mm; width at posterior end 3 mm (N = 12). Case compact, without open interstitial spaces; constructed of large pebbles and small grains of sand (Fig. 43d). Both ends of case rounded, less compact, with small open areas. Cases attached to rocks such that case orientation permitting flow of water through case. Larval diagnosis. The E. simulata larva has single-filament gills dorsoanteriorly on dorsal abdominal segment II, whereas E. conspersa, E. bilera, and E. maculosa larvae typically lack these gills. The lack of lateral-line gills will also separate the E. simulata larva from the E. conspersa larva. The E. simulata larva has dorsoanterior and ventroanterior gills on dorsal abdominal segment VII, lacking in the E. maculosa larva (Fig. 42). Some mature larvae (11 mm in length) lack dorsoanterior gills on abdominal segment II, however the gill arrangement for abdominal segment VII fits the pattern for the E. simulata larva. The E. simulata larva has a prosternal sclerite lacking in E. maculosa. Larval description. Length (mature instar) 9��12 mm (N = 15). Head: Brown to dark brown to a blackish brown; mesal area along coronal suture with yellowish ellipsoid; muscle scars distinct lateral of coronal suture and posterior of primary setae 17. Parietals brown to dark brown, without secondary setae; muscle scars distinct posterior and lateral of eyes. Muscle scars distinct lateral of ventral ecdysical line. Mandibles black, each with 4 small blunt apical teeth. Mature larva sometimes with only 3 blunt teeth as mesal tooth sometimes worn down. One to two short translucent setae arising from posterolateral area near posterior margin of each mandible, difficult to discern; mesal margin of each mandible with minute serrations, difficult to discern, and with tuft of feather-like setae (Fig. 19a). Ventral apodome brown, triangular; in mature larvae 1.08��1.60 X longer than ecdysial line; in one Nevada specimen ecdysial line 0.87 X longer than ventral apotome. Primary setae in positions 7, 9��17 (Fig. 19a). Primary setae in position 7 reddish, long; primary setae in position 9 long, stout, reddish to black; primary setae in positon 10 short, translucent; primary setae in position 11 fine, short, reddish brown to translucent, difficult to discern, sometimes missing; primary setae in position 12 reddish, short; primary setae in position 13 short, translucent, semi-appressed, difficult to discern and best observed from lateral view; primary setae in position 14 reddish to black, long, stout; primary setae in position 15 reddish, long; primary setae in position 16 short, translucent, fine, semi-appressed, difficult to discern; primary setae in position 17 reddish to black, long. Venter of head with primary setae in positions 8 and 18 (Fig. 19b); setae short, translucent. Frontoclypeus smooth, posterior area without apparent muscle scars or muscle scars indistinct; without texture, glabrous, except for primary setae in positions 1��6 (Fig. 19a). Primary setae in positions 1��3 fine, long, translucent; primary setae in positions 4 and 5 long, translucent, appressed; primary setae in position 6 long, fine, translucent. Labrum brown, with primary setae in positions 1��6. Primary setae in positions 1 and 2 short, translucent, difficult to discern, best observed from ventral aspect; primary setae in positions 3 and 4 short, translucent; primary setae in positions 5 and 6 long, translucent. Fringes of hair-like setae present at anterolateral corners of labrum each forming sparse setal tuft. Cardo sclerites sub-rectangular. Submental sclerites each with 2 short black setae set lateral of meson. Thorax: Pro- and mesonota brown to yellowish brown, sometimes blackish brown; nota with mesal yellow stripe; metanotal sclerites brown. Anterior margins of pronota each with 11��16 long, black slender setae set equidistant from each other along anterior margin; short translucent setae set between these setae along anterior margin. Each half of pronotum with transverse line of 8��14 black, long slender setae posterior of mid-dorsal transverse groove. Pronotum with black primary setae in sa 2 and sa 3 positions. Muscle scars on mesonotum distinct. Mesonotum with black setae in 3 distinct groups roughly corresponding to sa 1, sa 2, and sa 3 positions. Posterior marginal area of mesonotum black, heavily sclerotized forming narrow blackish brown band curving anterad on each side to lateral process. Lateral processes triangular, black. Metanotal sa 1 sclerites brown to light brown, triangular, each with 6��8 long black setae; metanotal sa 2 sclerites brown to light brown each with 6��10 black ls setae; metanotal sa 3 sclerites parenthesis-shaped, brown to light brown, each with 9��15 black setae on anterior third of sclerite. Venter of prothorax with small prosternal sclerite; sometimes only small sclerotized area present. Legs fuscus. Foretrochantins fuscus forming tent-like structures over procoxae. Pro-, meso-, and metacoxae with 6��8 black ls setae on ventral margin and 16��18 black ls setae on dorsal margin. Procoxae with primary setae in positions 1 and 2; meso- and metacoxae with primary setae in position 2. Meso- and metatrochanters with primary setae in positons 2, 3, and 5 (Figs. 21b, 21c). Ventral margins of pro-, meso-, and metatrochanters and pro-, meso-, metafemora with trochanteral brush, setae feather-like, translucent, may be difficult to discern (Figs 21a, 21b, 21c). Profemora with 2 long stout sl setae along ventral margin (Fig. 21a). Pro- and mesofemora with distinct short sl reddish to translucent setae along ventral margin; these setae sometimes also occurring along ventral margins of metafemora, but indistinct if present (Figs. 21a, 21b, 21c). Profemora with primary setae in position 2; meso- and metafemora with primary setae in positions 2, 3, and 4; setae sometimes absent in position 3. Mesofemora sometimes with 3��4 black ls setae on ventral margin. Pro- and mesopleura and pro-and mesoepimera brown. 2 �� 5 3 �� 5 3 �� 6 13 �� 26 3 �� 6 3 �� 7 I II III IV V VI VII VIII E. bilera Denning [based on 10 pupae examined] 3 �� 4 2 �� 5 3 �� 5 10 �� 22 3 �� 5 2 �� 5 I II III IV V VI VII VIII E. conspersa Banks [based on 7 pupae examined] 2 �� 7 2 �� 8 3 �� 8 9 �� 17 2 �� 6 3 �� 7 I II III IV V VI VII VIII E. maculosa Banks [based on 7 pupae examined] 3 �� 5 3 �� 4 2 �� 6 15 �� 21 3 �� 5 4 �� 6 I II III IV V VI VII VIII E. simulata Banks [based on 3 pupae examined] 41 Abdomen: Dorsal and lateral humps of abdominal segment I without any sclerites. Abdominal segment I with 16��28 black ls setae anterior to, and lateral of dorsal hump. Dorsal hump without sclerites; with 3��10 black ls setae. Lateral humps with 3��6 short black setae; these setae sometimes on 2 small sclerotized areas or setae with only basal sclerotization. Ventral base of each lateral hump with 6��13 short black setae, setal sockets prominent; sometimes setal bases sclerotized. Venter of abdominal segment I with pair of brown sclerites lateral of meson, each with 2��4 black ls setae; area anterior and lateral of each of these sclerites with 4��17 black ls setae. Dorsal and ventral abdominal gills each single-filament; present in mature larvae dorsoanteriorly on segments II��VII; ventroanteriorly on segments III��VII; dorsoposteriorly and ventroposteriorly on segments II��VII (Fig. 42). Gill arrangement variable, depending on instar stage; some specimens 5 mm in length with only anterior gills on abdominal segments II��VII, and only few posterior gills; many segments without posterior gills. All larvae 3 mm in length possessing gills, but lacking full complement of gills observed in mature larvae. Dorsum of abdomen with black primary sa 2 setae on abdominal segments II��VIII; sa 2 setae on segments II��V sometimes difficult to discern; sa 2 on segments VI��VIII long and slender. Dorsum of abdominal segment VIII sometimes with additional short, black seta adjacent to each sa 2 setae. Abdominal segment IX with elliptical sclerite bearing 5��8 stout reddish-black ls setae spaced equidistant from each other along posterior margin; setae immediately adjacent to meson longer and stouter than other setae along posterior margin; surface of sclerite with transverse row of 6��8 fine black setae; areas lateral of sclerites each with 2��3 short, fine, black setae. Sternum glabrous, except for 2��4 long reddish-black setae on venter of segment IX. Lateral fringes of hl setae extending on each side from anterior of abdominal segment III to posterior of segment VII. Chloride epithelia present on venter of abdominal segments III��VII. Anal prolegs each with lateral sclerite brown; narrowing ventrally and forming thin strap, extending 3/4 distance to meson of abdominal segment IX, ending at first black seta on venter of segment IX; with basal tuft of 4 long reddish black setae, mesal 2 longer and thicker than lateral 2 setae; with 3��4 Published as part of Givens, Donald R., 2018, The Nearctic Ecclisomyia species (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), pp. 201-259 in Zootaxa 4413 (2) on pages 241-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1227343 {"references":["Banks, N. (1920) New neuropteroid insects. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, 64 (3), 299 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 28705","Ross, H. H. (1950) Synoptic notes on some Nearctic limnephilid caddisflies (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). American Midland Naturalist, 43 (2), 410 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2421910","Denning, D. G. (1951) Records and descriptions of Nearctic caddis flies, Part III. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 24 (4), 157 - 162.","Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a`l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28, 1 - 245.","Newell, R. L. & Minshall, G. W. (1977) An annotated list of the aquatic insects of southeastern Idaho, part III Trichoptera. Great Basin Naturalist, 37 (2), 253 - 257.","Ruiter, D. E., Baumann, R. W. & Flint, O. S. Jr. (2014) Studies on the caddisfly (Trichoptera) fauna of Nevada. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 90 (1), 23 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2014 - 90.1.23","Givens, D. R. (2014) An annotated list of caddisflies (Trichoptera) collected in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, U. S. A. during 2011 - 2013. Entomological News, 124 (3), 153 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 021.124.0301"]}
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