Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Provide New Insights into the Apple Fruit Quality Decline during Long-Term Cold Storage
| Autor: | Libo Xing, Siyan Qi, Quan Pengkun, Mengsheng Zhang, Hangkong Liu, Juan Zhao, Haihui Zhang, Hao Li, Yanru Zhao, Mingyu Han, Baiquan Ma, Bo Zhang, Li Lei |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Quality Control Transcription Genetic Cold storage 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Gene Expression Regulation Plant Gene expression Cold acclimation MYB Jasmonate Abscisic acid Plant Proteins chemistry.chemical_classification fungi 010401 analytical chemistry food and beverages Fatty acid General Chemistry 0104 chemical sciences Cold Temperature chemistry Biochemistry Food Storage Fruit Malus Malic acid General Agricultural and Biological Sciences 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 68(16) |
| ISSN: | 1520-5118 |
| Popis: | Long-term low-temperature conditioning (LT-LTC) decreases apple fruit quality, but the underlying physiological and molecular basis is relatively uncharacterized. We identified 12 clusters of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in multiple biological processes (i.e., sugar, malic acid, fatty acid, lipid, complex phytohormone, and stress-response pathways). The expression levels of genes in sugar pathways were correlated with decreasing starch levels during LT-LTC. Specifically, starch-synthesis-related genes (e.g., BE, SBE, and GBSS genes) exhibited downregulated expression, whereas sucrose-metabolism-related gene expression levels were up- or downregulated. The expression levels of genes in the malic acid pathway (ALMT9, AATP1, and AHA2) were upregulated, as well as the content of malic acid in apple fruit during LT-LTC. A total of 151 metabolites, mainly related to amino acids and their isoforms, amines, organic acids, fatty acids, sugars, and polyols, were identified during LT-LTC. Additionally, 35 organic-acid-related metabolites grouped into three clusters, I (3), II (22), and III (10), increased in abundance during LT-LTC. Multiple phytohormones regulated the apple fruit chilling injury response. The ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased at CS2 and CS3, and jasmonate (JA) levels also increased during LT-LTC. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes involved in ET, ABA, and JA synthesis and response pathways were upregulated. Finally, some key transcription factor genes (MYB, bHLH, ERF, NAC, and bZIP genes) related to the apple fruit cold acclimation response were differentially expressed. Our results suggest that the multilayered mechanism underlying apple fruit deterioration during LT-LTC is a complex, transcriptionally regulated process involving cell structures, sugars, lipids, hormones, and transcription factors. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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