Estimating Emission Load from Road Transportation within the Bhaktapur Municipality, Nepal

Autor:	Iswor Bajracharya, Prasidha Raj Neupane, Bhai Raja Manandhar, Hishila Sujakhu, Pramod Awal, Meera Prajapati
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2020
Předmět:	Air Pollutants Traffic-Related Pollution 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Article Subject Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Gaseous pollutants Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Environmental engineering 010501 environmental sciences Simple random sample 01 natural sciences Nepal Kilometer Clean energy Environmental science Scenario analysis Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Air quality index Vehicular Emissions NOx 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Environmental Monitoring Vehicle Emissions Research Article
Zdroj:	Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Vol 2020 (2020) Journal of Environmental and Public Health
ISSN:	1687-9805
DOI:	10.1155/2020/2828643
Popis:	Vehicular emissions have been playing a pivotal role in deteriorating air quality in many urban parts of Nepal causing adverse impacts upon the health of commuters and pedestrians attributed to severe respiratory diseases. Primary data such as the number of vehicles (N) were obtained using two-hour peak (8 am to 10 am) and two-hour nonpeak (1 pm to 3 pm) count, after which average annual vehicle kilometer (VKT) and fuel economy (F) required for emission load estimation were obtained from vehicle survey using the simple random sampling method, sampling size taken statistically under 5% margin of error. Secondary data in this study include emission factors and derived equations from a published article. The vehicular emission load of Bhaktapur Municipality were found to be 3,310 tons/year including CO2, CO, NOx, HC, and PM10 of which CO2 accounts for 94.36% of total emissions followed by CO (4.39%), HC (0.72%), NOx (0.35%), and PM10 (0.18%), respectively. Significant positive correlation was found (r = 0.92, p = 0.002 ) between CO2 and PM10 (r = 0.87, p = 0.009 ), between CO2 and NOx (r = 0.90, p = 0.004 ), between CO and HC (r = 0.74, p = 0.05 ), and between NOx and PM10, respectively. The scenario analysis shows that the introduction of electric vehicles at different rates within the municipality can reduce the emissions to a significant amount. Exponential growth in vehicular gaseous pollutants potent to jeopardize the environment and welfare can become inevitable in the future if clean energy technology is not promoted early.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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