Dermal Insecticide Residues from Birds Inhabiting an Orchard
| Autor: | Craig S. Hulse, Nimish B. Vyas, Sallie Gentry, Shannon L. Borges, James W. Spann |
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| Rok vydání: | 2006 |
| Předmět: |
Crops
Agricultural Veterinary medicine Ecology Pesticide Residues Apple tree Environmental Exposure General Medicine Environmental exposure Management Monitoring Policy and Law Pesticide Biology Pollution chemistry.chemical_compound Malus x domestica chemistry Feather visual_art visual_art.visual_art_medium Animals Azinphos-methyl Ecotoxicology Orchard Skin General Environmental Science |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 133:209-214 |
| ISSN: | 1573-2959 0167-6369 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10661-006-9573-2 |
| Popis: | The US Environmental Protection Agency conducts risk assessments of insecticide applications to wild birds using a model that is limited to the dietary route of exposure. However, free-flying birds are also exposed to insecticides via the inhalation and dermal routes. We measured azinphos-methyl residues on the skin plus feathers and the feet of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in order to quantify dermal exposure to songbirds that entered and inhabited an apple (Malus x domestica) orchard following an insecticide application. Exposure to azinphos-methyl was measured by sampling birds from an aviary that was built around an apple tree. Birds sampled at 36 h and 7-day post-application were placed in the aviary within 1 h after the application whereas birds exposed for 3 days were released into the aviary 4-day post-application. Residues on vegetation and soil were also measured. Azinphos-methyl residues were detected from the skin plus feathers and the feet from all exposure periods. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating dermal exposure into avian pesticide risk assessments. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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