The Benefits of Physical Activity in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Investigation Using fNIRS and Dual-Task Walking
| Autor: | Deborah Talamonti, Sarah Fraser, Thomas Vincent, Anil Nigam, Louis Bherer, Frédéric Lesage |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Physical fitness Psychological intervention lcsh:Medicine fNIRS 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Physical medicine and rehabilitation Medicine Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance Cognitive decline walk Cardiovascular fitness dual-task business.industry cardiovascular lcsh:R aging Cognition General Medicine Executive functions executive functions Cohort business gait speed 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Clinical Medicine Volume 10 Issue 4 Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 579, p 579 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2077-0383 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/jcm10040579 |
| Popis: | Cardiovascular fitness is linked to better executive functions, preserved gait speed, and efficient cortical activity. Older adults with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) typically show poor cognitive performance, low physical fitness, and altered brain functioning compared with healthy individuals. In the current study, the impact of regular physical activity on cognition, locomotion, and brain functions was explored in a cohort of older adults with low or high CVRFs. Cortical activation of the frontal areas was investigated using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) at baseline, at 6 months and at 12 months. Evoked cortical response and behavioral performance were assessed using the dual-task walking paradigm, consisting of three conditions: single cognitive task (2-back task), single walking task (walking), and dual-task (2-back whilst walking). Results show greater task-related cortical response at baseline in individuals with high CVRFs compared to those with low CVRFs. Moreover, participants with high CVRFs benefitted the most from participating in regular physical activity, as their cortical response decreased at the 12-month follow-up and became comparable to that of participants with low CVRFs. These changes were observed in conjunction with improved cognitive performance and stable gait speed throughout the 12-month period in both groups. Our findings provide evidence that participation in regular physical activity may be especially beneficial in individuals with CVRFs by promoting brain and cognitive health, thus potentially contributing to prevention of cognitive decline. Future research may explore whether such effects are maintained in the long-term in order to design ad-hoc interventions in this specific population. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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