Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2011–14 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Republic of Senegal and Kenya
| Autor: | D Torumkuney, Abdoulaye Seck, I. Morrissey, P. Mwathi, M. J. Anguibi-Pokou, M. J. Kabedi-Bajani, A. Kacou-Ndouba, W. Mwiti, Gunturu Revathi, Abdoulaye Diop |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) Adult Male Adolescent 030106 microbiology Erythromycin Microbial Sensitivity Tests Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Antibiotic resistance Clavulanic acid Ampicillin parasitic diseases Drug Resistance Bacterial polycyclic compounds medicine Humans Pharmacology (medical) 030212 general & internal medicine Child Respiratory Tract Infections Etest Aged Pharmacology Aged 80 and over business.industry Infant Newborn Infant Articles biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition Amoxicillin Middle Aged Haemophilus influenzae Anti-Bacterial Agents Penicillin Community-Acquired Infections Infectious Diseases Streptococcus pneumoniae Child Preschool Africa Epidemiological Monitoring Female business Cefaclor medicine.drug |
| Popis: | OBJECTIVES To assess antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory tract isolates from Ivory Coast, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Senegal in 2011-14. METHODS Bacterial isolates were collected and MICs determined using Etest(®) for all antibiotics except erythromycin, for which testing was by disc diffusion. Susceptibility was assessed using CLSI, EUCAST and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints. For macrolide interpretation, CLSI breakpoints were adjusted for incubation in CO2. RESULTS Susceptibility to penicillin (using CLSI oral or EUCAST breakpoints) was low among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the DRC and Kenya (17.4% and 19%, respectively) but higher among isolates from the Ivory Coast (70%) and Senegal (85.7%). Penicillin susceptibility using CLSI iv breakpoints was higher in all countries, but still only 69.6% in the DRC. Macrolide susceptibility (based on CLSI erythromycin disc diffusion breakpoints) was also low in Kenya (∼65%) but 87%-100% elsewhere. Haemophilus influenzae were only collected in the DRC and Senegal, with β-lactamase prevalence of 39% and 4%, respectively. Furthermore, β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) isolates were found in DRC (four isolates, 17%), but only two isolates were found in Senegal (by EUCAST definition). Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in vitro susceptibility was 73.9% in the DRC and 100% in Senegal based on CLSI breakpoints, but this reduced to 65.2% in the DRC when BLNAR rates were considered. Clarithromycin susceptibility was >95% in both countries. CONCLUSIONS There was considerable variability in antibiotic susceptibility among the African countries participating in the surveillance programme. Thus, continued surveillance is necessary to track future changes in antibiotic resistance. Use of EUCAST versus CLSI breakpoints showed profound differences for cefaclor and ofloxacin against S. pneumoniae, with EUCAST showing lower susceptibility. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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