High HIV and HCV and the unmet needs of people who inject drugs in Yerevan, Armenia
| Autor: | Tatevik Balayan, Lev Zohrabyan, Lisa G. Johnston, Arshak Papoyan, Samvel Grigoryan, Trdat Grigoryan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Adolescent Population Adult population Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Medicine (miscellaneous) Medically Underserved Area HIV Infections medicine.disease_cause Health Services Accessibility Unmet needs Medicine Humans education Substance Abuse Intravenous education.field_of_study Transmission (medicine) business.industry Health Policy virus diseases Hepatitis C Armenia Hepatitis C Chronic Middle Aged medicine.disease HIV counseling Virology Female business Sexual contact Demography |
| Zdroj: | The International journal on drug policy. 25(4) |
| ISSN: | 1873-4758 |
| Popis: | HIV in the Republic of Armenia is currently considered to be ow at 0.2% in the general population with transmission reported o be largely attributed to sexual contact (54.3% of all 1153 cases eported up to 2011) and the use of contaminated needles (37% f cases, all of which were males) (UNAIDS, 2010). Despite the low eported HIV prevalence in Armenia, there are numerous reasons to e concerned that the country will experience dramatic increases n HIV, as well as Hepatitis C (HCV), among people who inject rugs (PWID) and consequently to the wider population. Firstly, rmenia has a high rate of migration to the Russian Federation and kraine, where HIV and HCV prevalence among key populations is ignificantly higher and where PWID play a crucial role in the HIV pidemic (Mathers et al., 2008; Taran, Johnston, Pohorilac, & Saliuk, 011). Secondly, HIV prevalence among PWID is already estimated o be about 7% (Republic of Armenia, 2008). HIV Modeling studies ndicate that once HIV has been introduced into the PWID popuation, transmission spreads quickly (Blower, Hartel, Dowlatabadi, nderson, & May, 1991; Saidel et al., 2003) with increased opporunities for transmission through sex with non-injecting partners nd consequently to the general population (Des Jarlais et al., 2012; NAIDS, 2010). Indeed, about 58% of predicted new HIV cases are xpected to be in the general population, especially among nonnjecting female partners of PWID (Grigoryan et al., 2012). Finally, rmenia, highly dependent on outside financing for the few prorams available for drug use and general population HIV prevention nd treatment, has no HIV counseling and testing (HCT) programs pecifically targeting PWID (UNAIDS, 2010). PWID, half of whom inject ‘chernyashka’ (mixture of opium and cetyl anhydride), comprise roughly 0.62% of the adult population personal communication, second author), translating to roughly |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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