Neuroimaging of dementia in 2013: what radiologists need to know
| Autor: | Cristelle Rodriguez, Maciej Jakub Lazarczyk, Eniko Veronika Kovari, Valentina Garibotto, Karl-Olof Lövblad, Constantin Bouras, Panteleimon Giannakopoulos, Sven Haller, Aikaterini Xekardaki |
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| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
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Aging medicine.medical_specialty Iron Neuroimaging tau Proteins Nerve Fibers Myelinated ddc:616.0757 Diagnosis Differential ddc:616.89 Physical medicine and rehabilitation Alzheimer Disease Reference Values Functional neuroimaging mental disorders Image Processing Computer-Assisted medicine Humans Dementia Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Cognitive decline Psychiatry Aged Brain Chemistry Cerebral Cortex Lewy body business.industry Dementia Vascular Cognition General Medicine medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lewy Bodies Radiology Atrophy Alzheimer's disease Cognition Disorders business Neurocognitive Biomarkers |
| Zdroj: | European Radiology, Vol. 23, No 12 (2013) pp. 3393-3404 |
| ISSN: | 1432-1084 0938-7994 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00330-013-2957-0 |
| Popis: | The structural and functional neuroimaging of dementia have substantially evolved over the last few years. The most common forms of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD) and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), have distinct patterns of cortical atrophy and hypometabolism that evolve over time, as reviewed in the first part of this article. The second part discusses unspecific white matter alterations on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images as well as cerebral microbleeds, which often occur during normal aging and may affect cognition. The third part summarises molecular neuroimaging biomarkers recently developed to visualise amyloid deposits, tau protein deposits and neurotransmitter systems. The fourth section reviews the utility of advanced image analysis techniques as predictive biomarkers of cognitive decline in individuals with early symptoms compatible with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). As only about half of MCI cases will progress to clinically overt dementia, whereas the other half remain stable or might even improve, the discrimination of stable versus progressive MCI is of paramount importance for both individual patient treatment and patient selection for clinical trials. The fifth and final part discusses the inter-individual variation in the neurocognitive reserve, which is a potential constraint for all proposed methods. Key Points • Many forms of dementia have spatial atrophy patterns detectable on neuroimaging. • Early treatment of dementia is beneficial, indicating the need for early diagnosis. • Advanced image analysis techniques detect subtle anomalies invisible on radiological evaluation. • Inter-individual variation explains variable cognitive impairment despite the same degree of atrophy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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