Methamphetamine and Cannabis: A Tale of Two Drugs and their Effects on HIV, Brain, and Behavior
Autor: | Maria Cecilia Garibaldi Marcondes, Jennifer E. Iudicello, Marcus Kaul, Scott Letendre, Rowan Saloner, Igor Grant, Mariana Cherner, Sofie von Känel, Jerel Adam Fields |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
HIV Infections Bioinformatics Methamphetamine Substance Misuse chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment Immunology and Allergy Blood-brain-barrier Aetiology media_common biology Brain Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Mitochondrial toxicity Infectious Diseases Blood-Brain Barrier 5.1 Pharmaceuticals 6.1 Pharmaceuticals Neurological HIV/AIDS Marijuana Use Mental health Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions Infection medicine.drug Drug media_common.quotation_subject Amphetamine-Related Disorders Immunology Neurocognitive Disorders Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Article 03 medical and health sciences medicine Animals Humans Adverse effect Neuroinflammation Cannabis Inflammation Pharmacology Neurology & Neurosurgery Cannabinoid Research business.industry Neurosciences Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions Meth biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Brain Disorders Good Health and Well Being 030104 developmental biology chemistry Gut-brain-axis Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC) Group Drug Abuse (NIDA only) business Neurocognitive 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, vol 15, iss 4 J Neuroimmune Pharmacol |
ISSN: | 1557-1904 1557-1890 |
Popis: | HIV infection and drug use intersect epidemiologically, and their combination can result in complex effects on brain and behavior. The extent to which drugs affect the health of persons with HIV (PWH) depends on many factors including drug characteristics, use patterns, stage of HIV disease and its treatment, comorbid factors, and age. To consider the range of drug effects, we have selected two that are in common use by PWH: methamphetamine and cannabis. We compare the effects of methamphetamine with those of cannabis, to illustrate how substances may potentiate, worsen, or even buffer the effects of HIV on the CNS. Data from human, animal, and ex vivo studies provide insights into how these drugs have differing effects on the persistent inflammatory state that characterizes HIV infection, including effects on viral replication, immune activation, mitochondrial function, gut permeability, blood brain barrier integrity, glia and neuronal signaling. Moving forward, we consider how these mechanistic insights may inform interventions to improve brain outcomes in PWH. This review summarizes literature from clinical and preclinical studies demonstrating the adverse effects of METH, as well as the potentially beneficial effects of cannabis, on the interacting systemic (e.g., gut barrier leakage/microbial translocation, immune activation, inflammation) and CNS-specific (e.g., glial activation/neuroinflammation, neural injury, mitochondrial toxicity/oxidative stress) mechanisms underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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