The Role of Leaky Gut in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Target

Autor: Asako Nogami, Kento Imajo, Masato Yoneda, Kunihiro Hosono, Takashi Kobayashi, Satoru Saito, Takuma Higurashi, Michihiro Iwaki, Atsushi Yamamoto, Atsushi Nakajima, Yuji Ogawa, Kota Takahashi, Shingo Kato, Kosuke Tanaka, Yasushi Honda, Yuki Kasai, Koichiro Wada, Anna Ozaki, Takaomi Kessoku, Haruki Usuda
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
endotoxin
Review
Gastroenterology
Pathogenesis
0302 clinical medicine
Fibrosis
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Biology (General)
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Spectroscopy
Barrier function
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
General Medicine
Lubiprostone
Computer Science Applications
Chemistry
Liver
030211 gastroenterology & hepatology
gut permeability
medicine.symptom
medicine.drug
medicine.medical_specialty
QH301-705.5
leaky gut
Inflammation
digestive system
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
Internal medicine
medicine
Animals
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
QD1-999
Leaky gut syndrome
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
nutritional and metabolic diseases
medicine.disease
digestive system diseases
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Endotoxins
Gastrointestinal Tract
030104 developmental biology
Dysbiosis
business
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 8161, p 8161 (2021)
ISSN: 1422-0067
Popis: The liver directly accepts blood from the gut and is, therefore, exposed to intestinal bacteria. Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between gut bacteria and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Approximately 10–20% of NAFLD patients develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and endotoxins produced by Gram-negative bacilli may be involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. NAFLD hyperendotoxicemia has intestinal and hepatic factors. The intestinal factors include impaired intestinal barrier function (leaky gut syndrome) and dysbiosis due to increased abundance of ethanol-producing bacteria, which can change endogenous alcohol concentrations. The hepatic factors include hyperleptinemia, which is associated with an excessive response to endotoxins, leading to intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Clinically, the relationship between gut bacteria and NAFLD has been targeted in some randomized controlled trials of probiotics and other agents, but the results have been inconsistent. A recent randomized, placebo-controlled study explored the utility of lubiprostone, a treatment for constipation, in restoring intestinal barrier function and improving the outcomes of NAFLD patients, marking a new phase in the development of novel therapies targeting the intestinal barrier. This review summarizes recent data from studies in animal models and randomized clinical trials on the role of the gut–liver axis in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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