The Role of Leaky Gut in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Target
Autor: | Asako Nogami, Kento Imajo, Masato Yoneda, Kunihiro Hosono, Takashi Kobayashi, Satoru Saito, Takuma Higurashi, Michihiro Iwaki, Atsushi Yamamoto, Atsushi Nakajima, Yuji Ogawa, Kota Takahashi, Shingo Kato, Kosuke Tanaka, Yasushi Honda, Yuki Kasai, Koichiro Wada, Anna Ozaki, Takaomi Kessoku, Haruki Usuda |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease endotoxin Review Gastroenterology Pathogenesis 0302 clinical medicine Fibrosis Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Biology (General) nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Spectroscopy Barrier function Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic General Medicine Lubiprostone Computer Science Applications Chemistry Liver 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology gut permeability medicine.symptom medicine.drug medicine.medical_specialty QH301-705.5 leaky gut Inflammation digestive system Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences Internal medicine medicine Animals Humans Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Molecular Biology QD1-999 Leaky gut syndrome business.industry Organic Chemistry nutritional and metabolic diseases medicine.disease digestive system diseases Gastrointestinal Microbiome Endotoxins Gastrointestinal Tract 030104 developmental biology Dysbiosis business |
Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 8161, p 8161 (2021) |
ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
Popis: | The liver directly accepts blood from the gut and is, therefore, exposed to intestinal bacteria. Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between gut bacteria and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Approximately 10–20% of NAFLD patients develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and endotoxins produced by Gram-negative bacilli may be involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. NAFLD hyperendotoxicemia has intestinal and hepatic factors. The intestinal factors include impaired intestinal barrier function (leaky gut syndrome) and dysbiosis due to increased abundance of ethanol-producing bacteria, which can change endogenous alcohol concentrations. The hepatic factors include hyperleptinemia, which is associated with an excessive response to endotoxins, leading to intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Clinically, the relationship between gut bacteria and NAFLD has been targeted in some randomized controlled trials of probiotics and other agents, but the results have been inconsistent. A recent randomized, placebo-controlled study explored the utility of lubiprostone, a treatment for constipation, in restoring intestinal barrier function and improving the outcomes of NAFLD patients, marking a new phase in the development of novel therapies targeting the intestinal barrier. This review summarizes recent data from studies in animal models and randomized clinical trials on the role of the gut–liver axis in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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