Managing the effects of noise from ship traffic, seismic surveying and construction on marine mammals in Antarctica
| Autor: | Michael Dähne, Russell Leaper, Amy R. Scholik-Schlomer, Robert D. McCauley, Brian S. Miller, Anita Murray, Jonathan Gordon, Julie N. Oswald, Heike Herata, Sven Koschinski, Max Schuster, Christine Erbe, Mirjam Müller, Ilse van Opzeeland, Dorian S. Houser, Vincent M. Janik |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
ship 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences lcsh:QH1-199.5 QH301 Biology Foraging NDAS Ocean Engineering marine mammal lcsh:General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution Aquatic Science Antarctica - coastal ecology seismic survey Oceanography 01 natural sciences Humpback whale QH301 Marine mammal Noise management Abundance (ecology) underwater noise Ship noise Noise control Ecosystem 14. Life underwater SDG 14 - Life Below Water lcsh:Science Sound (geography) 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Antarctic Treaty Global and Planetary Change geography.geographical_feature_category biology Seismic survey business.industry 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology Environmental resource management biology.organism_classification Marine mammal ecology Noise Geography 13. Climate action Antarctica lcsh:Q business Underwater noise |
| Zdroj: | EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media, 6(647) Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 6 (2019) |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmars.2019.00647/full |
| Popis: | The Protocol on Environmental Protection of the Antarctic Treaty stipulates that the protection of the Antarctic environment and associated ecosystems be fundamentally considered in the planning and conducting of all activities in the Antarctic Treaty area. One of the key pollutants created by human activities in the Antarctic is noise, which is primarily caused by ship traffic (from tourism, fisheries, and research), but also by geophysical research (e.g., seismic surveys) and by research station support activities (including construction). Arguably, amongst the species most vulnerable to noise are marine mammals since they specialize in using sound for communication, navigation and foraging, and therefore have evolved the highest auditory sensitivity among marine organisms. Reported effects of noise on marine mammals in lower-latitude oceans include stress, behavioral changes such as avoidance, auditory masking, hearing threshold shifts, and—in extreme cases—death. Eight mysticete species, 10 odontocete species, and six pinniped species occur south of 60°S (i.e., in the Southern or Antarctic Ocean). For many of these, the Southern Ocean is a key area for foraging and reproduction. Yet, little is known about how these species are affected by noise. We review the current prevalence of anthropogenic noise and the distribution of marine mammals in the Southern Ocean, and the current research gaps that prevent us from accurately assessing noise impacts on Antarctic marine mammals. A questionnaire given to 29 international experts on marine mammals revealed a variety of research needs. Those that received the highest rankings were (1) improved data on abundance and distribution of Antarctic marine mammals, (2) hearing data for Antarctic marine mammals, in particular a mysticete audiogram, and (3) an assessment of the effectiveness of various noise mitigation options. The management need with the highest score was a refinement of noise exposure criteria. Environmental evaluations are a requirement before conducting activities in the Antarctic. Because of a lack of scientific data on impacts, requirements and noise thresholds often vary between countries that conduct these evaluations, leading to different standards across countries. Addressing the identified research needs will help to implement informed and reasonable thresholds for noise production in the Antarctic and help to protect the Antarctic environment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|