| Autor: |
Patrick W. Mantyh, Geraldine Longo, Stephane Chartier, Michelle N. Fealk, Lisa Majuta, Michelle L. Thompson, Gwen McCaffrey |
| Rok vydání: |
2023 |
| DOI: |
10.1158/0008-5472.22403099.v1 |
| Popis: |
This film depicts the spontaneous nocifensive behavior of a mouse at Day 17 post-cancer cell injection. Throughout the film there are several visual cues that are indicative of nocifensive behavior. The pronounced changes in behavior and movements of the hind limbs when compared to naïve animals allow the observer to precisely measure the time spent in nocifensive behavior. Seconds 1-6: Full guarding behavior is present in the left hind limb: it is fully lifted above the wire mesh with the toes held together, and the foot pad appears darkened as the mouse is holding the limb close to its body. In contrast, the non-tumor-bearing limb bears weight on the wire floor. The right foot pad skin has variation in its brightness and spread out toes that firmly rest on the wire cage floor during each step. Seconds 9-11: Reduced weight-bearing behavior is seen: the toes of the left foot poke through the wire floor, indicating that the foot pad is not resting on the floor and the mouse is not bearing its full weight on this limb. Seconds 11-14: Additional display of reduced weight-bearing behavior: the left leg and foot are cupped and turned down to the wire with toes held together. Seconds 15-17: Sporadic hopping: the left leg is lifted and held at an angle above the wire with the foot pad cupped and turned/rotated to face the midline of the body during each step as it hops. Seconds 17-21: Reduced weight-bearing behavior is displayed: the left foot is held above the wire and it appears dark with toes held together. Seconds 21-31: The toes of the left foot are spread out and a range of brightness appears on the bottom of the foot because it is bearing weight on the wire floor; time spent in this position would not be counted as nocifensive behavior. Seconds 33-49: Full guarding behavior is displayed. Seconds 49-53: Reduced weight-bearing behavior is displayed. Seconds 55-60: Sporadic hopping and reduced weight-bearing. Note: This video does not include footage of a mouse tending to the affected limb or grooming its haunches. Tending to the affected limb is abnormal grooming/licking behavior directed solely to the affected foot and limb. Grooming of the haunches of the affected limb is not counted as nocifensive behavior. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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