Long-term organic matter application reduces cadmium but not zinc concentrations in wheat
| Autor: | Jochen Mayer, Paul Mäder, Benjamin Costerousse, Susan Tandy, Roman Grüter, Cécile Thonar, Emmanuel Frossard, Rainer Schulin |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences chemistry.chemical_element 010501 environmental sciences engineering.material 01 natural sciences Soil quality Cation-exchange capacity Soil Pollutants Environmental Chemistry Organic matter Fertilizers Waste Management and Disposal Triticum 0105 earth and related environmental sciences chemistry.chemical_classification Cadmium Nutrient turnover Compost Composting and manuring Soil organic matter food and beverages Soil carbon Pollution Manure Zinc chemistry Cd Cropping system DGT Long-term field trials Plant available soil metals Zn biofortification Environmental chemistry engineering Fertilizer Cereals pulses and oilseeds Sciences exactes et naturelles |
| Zdroj: | Science of the total environment, 669 |
| ISSN: | 0048-9697 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.112 |
| Popis: | Wheat is a staple food crop and a major source of both the essential micronutrient zinc (Zn) and the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd) for humans. Since Zn and Cd are chemically similar, increasing Zn concentrations in wheat grains (biofortification), while preventing Cd accumulation, is an agronomic challenge. We used two Swiss agricultural long-term field trials, the “Dynamic-Organic-Conventional System Comparison Trial” (DOK) and the “Zurich Organic Fertilization Experiment” (ZOFE), to investigate the impact of long-term organic, mineral and combined fertilizer inputs on total and phytoavailable concentrations of soil Zn and Cd and their accumulation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). “Diffusive gradients in thin films” (DGT) and diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction were used as proxies for plant available soil metals. Compared to unfertilized controls, long-term organic fertilization with composted manure or green waste compost led to higher soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and pH, while DGT-available Zn and Cd concentrations were reduced. The DGT method was a strong predictor of shoot and grain Cd, but not Zn concentrations. Shoot and grain Zn concentrations correlated with DTPA-extractable and total soil Zn concentrations in the ZOFE, but not the DOK trial. Long-term compost fertilization led to lower accumulation of Cd in wheat grains, but did not affect grain Zn. Therefore, Zn/Cd ratios in the grains increased. High Zn and Cd inputs with organic fertilizers and high Cd inputs with phosphate fertilizers led to positive Zn and Cd mass balances when taking into account atmospheric deposition and fertilizer inputs. On the other hand, mineral fertilization led to the depletion of soil Zn due to higher yields and thus higher Zn exports than under organic management. The study supports the use of organic fertilizers for reducing Cd concentrations of wheat grains in the long-term, given that the quality of the fertilizers is guaranteed. info:eu-repo/semantics/published |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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