Direct conversion of furfuryl alcohol to butyl levulinate using tin exchanged tungstophosphoric acid catalysts
Autor: | Jennifer Sarah Dicks, Haresh Manyar, Vivek V. Ranade, John Keogh, Manishkumar S. Tiwari |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Aqueous solution
010405 organic chemistry Process Chemistry and Technology chemistry.chemical_element 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Catalysis 0104 chemical sciences Furfuryl alcohol chemistry.chemical_compound Montmorillonite chemistry Levulinic acid Titration Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Tin Selectivity Nuclear chemistry |
Zdroj: | Tiwari, M S, Dicks, J S, Keogh, J, Ranade, V V & Manyar, H G 2020, ' Direct conversion of furfuryl alcohol to butyl levulinate using tin exchanged tungstophosphoric acid catalysts ', Molecular Catalysis, vol. 488, 110918 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110918 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110918 |
Popis: | To decrease the dependence on crude oil, biomass derived liquid transportation fuels are highly desirable. Butyl levulinate is a potential cellulose-derived biofuel additive with properties similar to diesel and low water solubility. Herein we report a direct one-pot production of levulinic acid ester, butyl levulinate, from furfuryl alcohol by alcoholysis using n-butanol. The partial tin exchanged tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) supported on montmorillonite K-10 catalysts showed facile alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol to levulinate ester under mild temperature conditions. Partially exchanging the H+ ion of TPA with Sn (x = 1) resulted in enhanced acidity of the catalyst and showed an increase in the catalytic activity as compared to TPA/K-10 catalyst. A series of tin exchanged tungstophosphoric acid (20 % w/w) supported on montmorillonite K-10 clay (Snx-TPA/K-10, where x = 0.5–1.5) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, UV-VIS, titration and SEM techniques. Among various catalysts, Sn1-TPA/K-10 was found to be the most active catalyst for butyl levulinate synthesis. Two different clay supports and varying tin loadings were used to study the effects on surface acidity as well as catalytic activity in butyl levulinate synthesis. Effects of different reaction parameters were studied and optimized to get high yields of butyl levulinate. Under mild reaction conditions at 110 °C, complete conversion of furfuryl alcohol with 98 % selectivity to butyl levulinate was achieved. The prepared catalyst could be recycled at least five times without significant loss of activity. The overall process is green and clean. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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