Recovery scenario and immunity in COVID-19 disease: A new strategy to predict the potential of reinfection

Autor: Peter Stenvinkel, Younes Aftabi, Mehran Habibi Rezaei, Sasan Fereidouni, B. Paige Lawrence, Gaku Ichihara, Zahra Khoshkam
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Cellular immunity
Medicine (General)
Science (General)
T-Lymphocytes
PBMCs
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
NAb
Neutralizing antibody
Disease
Review
medicine.disease_cause
Antibodies
Viral
ERS
Early recovery stage
Q1-390
0302 clinical medicine
Recovery
NK
Natural killer
N
Nucleocapsid
Medicine
FcR
Fc receptor
Coronavirus
education.field_of_study
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019
Multidisciplinary
PSO
Post symptom onset
Vaccination
Acquired immune system
sACE2
Soluble ACE2
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Disease Progression
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
ADE
Antibody-dependent enhancement
LRS
Late recovery stage
BAL
Bronchoalveolar lavage
RT-PCR
Real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction
Population
ISGs
Interferon-stimulated genes
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
R5-920
Immunity
ACE2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
ARDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Animals
Humans
Ang II
Angiotensin II
education
Pandemics
ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Inflammation
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
business.industry
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Antibodies
Neutralizing
Immunity
Humoral
030104 developmental biology
Reinfection
Immunology
Humoral immunity
RBD
Receptor-binding domain
Macaca
business
Zdroj: Journal of Advanced Research
Journal of Advanced Research, Vol 31, Iss, Pp 49-60 (2021)
ISSN: 2090-1224
Popis: Graphical abstract
Background The recent ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), still is an unsolved problem with a growing rate of infected cases and mortality worldwide. The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is targeting the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and mostly causes a respiratory illness. Although acquired and resistance immunity is one of the most important aspects of alleviating the trend of the current pandemic; however, there is still a big gap of knowledge regarding the infection process, immunopathogenesis, recovery, and reinfection. Aim of Review To answer the questions regarding “the potential and probability of reinfection in COVID-19 infected cases” or “the efficiency and duration of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity against reinfection” we critically evaluated the current reports on SARS-CoV-2 immunity and reinfection with special emphasis on comparative studies using animal models that generalize their finding about protection and reinfection. Also, the contribution of humoral immunity in the process of COVID-19 recovery and the role of ACE2 in virus infectivity and pathogenesis has been discussed. Furthermore, innate and cellular immunity and inflammatory responses in the disease and recovery conditions are reviewed and an overall outline of immunologic aspects of COVID-19 progression and recovery in three different stages are presented. Finally, we categorized the infected cases into four different groups based on the acquired immunity and the potential for reinfection. Key Scientific Concepts of Review In this review paper, we proposed a new strategy to predict the potential of reinfection in each identified category. This classification may help to distribute resources more meticulously to determine: who needs to be serologically tested for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, what percentage of the population is immune to the virus, and who needs to be vaccinated.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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