The glycocalyx is present as soon as blood flow is initiated and is required for normal vascular development

Autor: Roya Jamarani, Sarah Al-Roubaie, Espen D. Jahnsen, Elizabeth A. V. Jones, Caitlin E Henderson-Toth
Rok vydání: 2012
Předmět:
Mechanotransduction
Physiologic/genetics
Vascular permeability
Endothelial surface layer
Glycosaminoglycan
chemistry.chemical_compound
Somites/embryology
0302 clinical medicine
Hyaluronic acid
Vascular/embryology
Developmental
Vascular remodeling
Hyaluronic Acid
Barrier function
Microscopy
0303 health sciences
Microscopy
Confocal
Gene Expression Regulation
Developmental
Heparan sulfate
Coturnix/embryology
Immunohistochemistry
Cell biology
Somites
Confocal
Blood Vessels/embryology
Endothelium
Vascular/embryology
Neovascularization
Physiologic
Coturnix
Biology
Glycocalyx
Capillary Permeability
03 medical and health sciences
Animals
Endothelium
Molecular Biology
Neovascularization
Fluorescent Dyes
030304 developmental biology
Hemodynamics
Albumin
Vascular development
Cell Biology
Glycocalyx/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation
chemistry
Immunology
Blood Vessels
Endothelium
Vascular
Neovascularization
Physiologic/genetics
Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Developmental Biology
Zdroj: Developmental Biology, 369(2), 330-9. Academic Press Inc.
ISSN: 0012-1606
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.07.009
Popis: The glycocalyx, and the thicker endothelial surface layer (ESL), are necessary both for endothelial barrier function and for sensing mechanical forces in the adult. The goal of this study is to use a combination of imaging techniques to establish when the glycocalyx and endothelial surface layer form during embryonic development and to determine the biological significance of the glycocalyx layer during vascular development in quail embryos. Using transmission electron microscopy, we show that the glycocalyx layer is present as soon as blood flow starts (14 somites). The early endothelial glycocalyx (14 somites) lacks the distinct hair-like morphology that is present later in development (17 and 25 somites). The average thickness does not change significantly (14 somites, 182 nm ± 33 nm; 17 somites, 218 ± 30 nm; 25 somites, 212 ± 32 nm). The trapping of circulating fluorescent albumin was used to evaluate the development of the ESL. Trapped fluorescent albumin was first observed at 25 somites. In order to assess a functional role for the glycocalyx during development, we selectively degraded luminal glycosaminoglycans. Degradation of hyaluronan compromised endothelial barrier function and prevented vascular remodeling. Degradation of heparan sulfate down regulated the expression of shear-sensitive genes but does not inhibit vascular remodeling. Our findings show that the glycocalyx layer is present as soon as blood flow starts (14 somites). Selective degradations of major glycocalyx components were shown to inhibit normal vascular development, examined through morphology, vascular barrier function, and gene expression. ispartof: Developmental Biology vol:369 issue:2 pages:330-339 ispartof: location:United States status: published
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: