What can we learn from consumption-based carbon footprints at different spatial scales? Review of policy implications
| Autor: | Seppo Junnila, Jack Clarke, Juudit Ottelin, Jukka Heinonen, Sanna Ala-Mantila, Thomas Wiedmann |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Real Estate, University of Helsinki, University of Iceland, University of New South Wales, Department of Built Environment, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
carbon footprint
input-output Input–output model 020209 energy review ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences 12. Responsible consumption ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT 11. Sustainability 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Environmental impact assessment DIOXIDE EMISSIONS 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science Consumption (economics) Input/output spatial scale GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health CLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATION Environmental economics HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION Climate change mitigation 13. Climate action city CO2 EMISSIONS Greenhouse gas Spatial ecology Carbon footprint Environmental science INPUT-OUTPUT-ANALYSIS consumption-based LIFE-STYLE US HOUSEHOLDS policy |
| Popis: | Background: Current climate change mitigation policies, including the Paris Agreement, are based on territorial greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting. This neglects the understanding of GHG emissions embodied in trade. As a solution, consumption-based accounting (CBA) that reveals the lifecycle emissions, including transboundary flows, is gaining support as a complementary information tool. CBA is particularly relevant in cities that tend to outsource a large part of their production-based emissions to their hinterlands. While CBA has so far been used relatively little in practical policymaking, it has been used widely by scientists. Methods and design: The purpose of this systematic review, which covers more than 100 studies, is to reflect the policy implications of consumption-based carbon footprint (CBCF) studies at different spatial scales. The review was conducted by reading through the discussion sections of the reviewed studies and systematically collecting the given policy suggestions for different spatial scales. We used both numerical and qualitative methods to organize and interpret the findings of the review. Review results and discussion: The motivation for the review was to investigate whether the unique consumption perspective of CBA leads to similarly unique policy features. We found that various carbon pricing policies are the most widely supported policy instrument in the relevant literature. However, overall, there is a shortage of discussion on policy instruments, since the policy discussions focus on policy outcomes, such as behavioral change or technological solutions. In addition, some policy recommendations are conflicting. Particularly, urban density and compact city policies are supported by some studies and questioned by others. To clarify the issue, we examined how the results regarding the relationship between urban development and the CBCF vary. The review provides a concise starting point for policymakers and future research by summarizing the timely policy implications. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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