Effects of silver nanoparticles on survival, biomass change and avoidance behaviour of the endogeic earthworm Allolobophora chlorotica
| Autor: | Claire Brami, Christopher Nathan Lowe, Angus Robert Glover, Kevin R. Butt |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Eisenia fetida
Silver Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0211 other engineering and technologies Eisenia andrei Metal Nanoparticles 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Soil Avoidance Learning Animals Soil Pollutants Ecotoxicology Biomass Oligochaeta 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Ions 021110 strategic defence & security studies Dose-Response Relationship Drug biology Chemistry Ecology Earthworm C187 Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Allolobophora chlorotica Soil classification General Medicine biology.organism_classification Pollution Soil contamination Environmental chemistry Sludge |
| Zdroj: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 141:64-69 |
| ISSN: | 0147-6513 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.015 |
| Popis: | Increasing commercial application of silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) and subsequent presence in wastewater and sewage sludge has raised concerns regarding their effects in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. Several studies have employed standardised acute and chronic earthworm-based tests to establish the toxicological effects of Ag NP within soil. These studies have relied heavily on the use of epigiec earthworm species which may have limited ecological relevance in mineral soil. This study assessed the influence of Ag NP (uncoated 80 nm powder) and AgNO3 on survival, change in biomass and avoidance behaviour in a soil dwelling (endogiec) species, Allolobophora chlorotica. Earthworms were exposed for 14 days to soils spiked with Ag NP or AgNO3 at 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 either separately for survival and biomass measurement, or combined within a linear gradient to assess avoidance. Avoidance behaviour was shown to provide the most sensitive endpoint with an observable effect at an Ag NP / AgNO3 concentration of 12.5 mg kg-1 compared with 50 mg kg-1 for biomass change and 100 mg kg-1 for survival. Greater mortality was observed in AgNO3 (66.7%) compared with Ag NP-spiked soils (12.5%) at 100 mg kg-1, attributed to increased presence of silver ions. Although comparison of results with studies employing Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei suggest that the A. chlorotica response to Ag NP is more sensitive, further research employing both epigeic and endogeic earthworms under similar experimental conditions is required to confirm this observation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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