Immuno-oncologic Approaches: CAR-T Cells and Checkpoint Inhibitors
| Autor: | Francesca Gay, Mattia D'Agostino, Luisa Giaccone, Mariella Genuardi, Moreno Festuccia, Mario Boccadoro, Benedetto Bruno |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research Adoptive cell transfer CAR-T cells Recombinant Fusion Proteins Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor Receptors Antigen T-Cell chemical and pharmacologic phenomena Immunotherapy Adoptive B7-H1 Antigen Immunomodulation Cell therapy 03 medical and health sciences Antineoplastic Agents Immunological 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Antigen T-Lymphocyte Subsets Multiple myeloma Animals Humans Cytotoxic T cell Medicine CTLA-4 Antigen Chimeric antigen receptor Molecular Targeted Therapy Tumor microenvironment business.industry Checkpoint inhibitors Immune-oncology Hematology Oncology 030104 developmental biology 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Immunology Immunotherapy Stem cell business |
| Zdroj: | Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia. 17:471-478 |
| ISSN: | 2152-2650 |
| Popis: | Advances in understanding myeloma biology have shown that disease progression is not only the consequence of intrinsic tumor changes but also of interactions between the tumor and the microenvironment in which the cancer grows. The immune system is an important component of the tumor microenvironment in myeloma, and acting on the immune system is an appealing new treatment strategy. There are 2 ways to act toward immune cells and boost antitumor immunity: (1) to increase antitumor activity (acting on T and NK cytotoxic cells), and (2) to reduce immunosuppression (acting on myeloid-derived stem cells and T regulatory cells). Checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) are 2 of the main actors, together with monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulatory agents, in the immune-oncologic approach. The aim of checkpoint inhibitors is to release the brakes that block the action of the immune system against the tumor. Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1-Ligand, as well as anti-CTLA4 and KIR are currently under evaluation, as single agents or in combination, with the best results achieved so far with combination of anti-PD-1 and immunomodulatory agents. The aim of ACT is to create an immune effector specific against the tumor. Preliminary results on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, first against CD19, and more recently against B-cell maturation antigen, have shown to induce durable responses in heavily pretreated patients. This review focuses on the most recent clinical results available on the use of checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells in myeloma, in the context of the new immune-oncologic approach. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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