Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes
| Autor: | Erica Benedetti, Kay M. Brummond, Laura S. Kocsis |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
General Immunology and Microbiology
General Chemical Engineering General Neuroscience Solvatochromism Naphthalenes Combinatorial chemistry General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Fluorescence spectroscopy Cycloaddition Catalysis Reaction rate Chemistry chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Cyclization Intramolecular force Molecule Hydrogenation Coloring Agents Microwaves Naphthalene |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Visualized Experiments. |
| ISSN: | 1940-087X |
| DOI: | 10.3791/50511 |
| Popis: | Functionalized naphthalenes have applications in a variety of research fields ranging from the synthesis of natural or biologically active molecules to the preparation of new organic dyes. Although numerous strategies have been reported to access naphthalene scaffolds, many procedures still present limitations in terms of incorporating functionality, which in turn narrows the range of available substrates. The development of versatile methods for direct access to substituted naphthalenes is therefore highly desirable. The Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition reaction is a powerful and attractive method for the formation of saturated and unsaturated ring systems from readily available starting materials. A new microwave-assisted intramolecular dehydrogenative DA reaction of styrenyl derivatives described herein generates a variety of functionalized cyclopenta[b]naphthalenes that could not be prepared using existing synthetic methods. When compared to conventional heating, microwave irradiation accelerates reaction rates, enhances yields, and limits the formation of undesired byproducts. The utility of this protocol is further demonstrated by the conversion of a DA cycloadduct into a novel solvatochromic fluorescent dye via a Buchwald-Hartwig palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. Fluorescence spectroscopy, as an informative and sensitive analytical technique, plays a key role in research fields including environmental science, medicine, pharmacology, and cellular biology. Access to a variety of new organic fluorophores provided by the microwave-assisted dehydrogenative DA reaction allows for further advancement in these fields. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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