Erectile Dysfunction in Men on the Rise: Is There a Link with Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals?

Autor:	Samuel M. Cripps, Deidre M. Mattiske, Andrew J Pask
Rok vydání:	2021
Předmět:	Adult Male Embryology medicine.drug_class Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Vasoactive intestinal peptide Erectile tissue Endocrine Disruptors Biology Bioinformatics Erectile Dysfunction medicine Animals Humans Endocrine system Sexual stimulation Tumescence Penile Erection Androgen medicine.disease medicine.anatomical_structure Erectile dysfunction Androgens Penis Developmental Biology
Zdroj:	Sexual Development. 15:187-212
ISSN:	1661-5433 1661-5425
DOI:	10.1159/000516600
Popis:	Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions affecting men. ED can arise from disruptions during development, affecting the patterning of erectile tissues in the penis and/or disruptions in adulthood that impact sexual stimuli, neural pathways, molecular changes, and endocrine signalling that are required to drive erection. Sexual stimulation activates the parasympathetic system which causes nerve terminals in the penis to release nitric oxide (NO). As a result, the penile blood vessels dilate, allowing the penis to engorge with blood. This expansion subsequently compresses the veins surrounding the erectile tissue, restricting venous outflow. As a result, the blood pressure localised in the penis increases dramatically to produce a rigid erection, a process known as tumescence. The sympathetic pathway releases noradrenaline (NA) which causes detumescence: the reversion of the penis to the flaccid state. Androgen signalling is critical for erectile function through its role in penis development and in regulating the physiological processes driving erection in the adult. Interestingly, estrogen signalling is also implicated in penis development and potentially in processes which regulate erectile function during adulthood. Given that endocrine signalling has a prominent role in erectile function, it is likely that exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a risk factor for ED, although this is an under-researched field. Thus, our review provides a detailed description of the underlying biology of erectile function with a focus on the role of endocrine signalling, exploring the potential link between EDCs and ED based on animal and human studies.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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