Brain iron levels in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder normalize as a function of psychostimulant treatment duration
| Autor: | Joseph A. Helpern, Jens H. Jensen, Vitria Adisetiyo, Kevin M. Gray |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Male
GP globus pallidus Red nucleus Treatment duration R2 Caudate nucleus lcsh:RC346-429 0302 clinical medicine PUT putamen Basal ganglia Brain iron Medicine Child Putamen 05 social sciences Brain Regular Article Magnetic Resonance Imaging MFC magnetic field correlation Globus pallidus Neurology lcsh:R858-859.7 MRI CN caudate nucleus medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Cognitive Neuroscience Iron Thalamus Magnetic field correlation lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics 050105 experimental psychology 03 medical and health sciences Internal medicine Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging RN red nucleus lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system Duration of Therapy business.industry medicine.disease Endocrinology Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity THL thalamus Central Nervous System Stimulants Neurology (clinical) business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Psychostimulants |
| Zdroj: | NeuroImage : Clinical NeuroImage: Clinical, Vol 24, Iss, Pp-(2019) |
| ISSN: | 2213-1582 |
| Popis: | Brain iron homeostasis is a dopamine-related mechanism that may be modified with long-term psychostimulant treatment in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We previously reported that while medication-naïve youth with ADHD have reduced brain iron compared to controls and psychostimulant-medicated patients, no differences were detected between the latter groups. In this follow-up study, we examined whether the duration of psychostimulant treatment correlates with the degree of iron normalization. Brain iron was indexed with MRI using an advanced method called magnetic field correlation (MFC) imaging and the conventional R2* proton transverse relaxation rate method. MFC was acquired in 30 psychostimulant-medicated youth with comorbid-free ADHD and 29 age-matched controls (all males). R2* was acquired in a subset of these individuals. Region-of-interest analyses for MFC and R2* group differences and within-group correlations with age and years of psychostimulant treatment were conducted in the globus pallidus (GP), putamen (PUT), caudate nucleus (CN), thalamus (THL) and red nucleus. No significant MFC and R2* group differences were detected. However, while all regional MFC and R2* significantly increased with age in the control group, MFC and R2* increased in the GP, PUT, CN and THL with psychostimulant treatment duration in the ADHD group to a greater degree than with age. Our findings suggest that while youth with ADHD may have less prominent age-related brain iron increases than that seen in typical development, long-term use of psychostimulant medications may compensate through a normalizing effect on basal ganglia iron. Longitudinal studies following ADHD patients before and after long-term psychostimulant treatment are needed to confirm these findings. Highlights • Brain iron does not differ between controls and psychostimulant-medicated ADHD. • Brain iron increases with age in controls. • Brain iron increases with psychostimulant use duration in ADHD more than with age. • Long-term psychostimulant treatment of ADHD normalizes brain iron levels. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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