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Calotropis procera presents high levels of medicinally important terpenes and phenolics with antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to develop a suitable platform for mass production of pharmacological metabolites and improvement of antioxidant activity of C. procera. Motivated by such aim, potential effects of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and salicylic acid (SA) on antioxidant defense response and essential oils in seedlings and hairy roots were investigated. 21-day-old seedlings were treated by five levels of MNPs (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L−1) and three SA concentrations (0.0, 0.05, 0.1 mM). Moreover, the hairy roots about 2 cm were transferred into MS liquid medium supplemented with the above-mentioned concentrations of MNPs and 0 and 0.01 mM SA. After treatment, total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonol, anthocyanin, activity of polyphenol oxidase and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, 2, 2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl and production of essential oils were analyzed. Our results demonstrated that hairy root culture is a powerful alternative for improving and inducing secondary metabolites of C. procera as compared to seedlings. Moreover, it was found that MNPs combined with SA have the more ability than all other treatments to improve antioxidant activity and essential oil in both seedlings and hairy roots. Here, 100 and 200 mg L−1 MNPs combined with 0.01 mM SA had more pronounced impact on induction of pharmacological constituents and antioxidant activity. Results suggest that MNPs and SA in hairy root culture can bring great insights into development in vitro biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites. |
