Epstein-Barr Virus and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Autor: | Gunnar Houen, Nicole Hartwig Trier |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
0301 basic medicine Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Herpesvirus 4 Human Anti-nuclear antibody Mononucleosis Lymphocytosis human herpes virus Immunology Review medicine.disease_cause Virus Autoimmune Diseases 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Immunology and Allergy Medicine antibodies Epstein-Barr virus Animals Humans B cell 030203 arthritis & rheumatology biology business.industry medicine.disease Epstein–Barr virus 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure systemic autoimmune diseases connective tissue disease biology.protein medicine.symptom Antibody lcsh:RC581-607 business |
Zdroj: | Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 11 (2021) Houen, G & Trier, N H 2021, ' Epstein-Barr Virus and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 11, 587380 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.587380 |
ISSN: | 1664-3224 |
Popis: | Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an extremely successful human herpes virus, which infects essentially all human beings at some time during their life span. EBV infection and the associated immune response results in production of antibodies (seroconversion), which occurs mainly during the first years of life, but may also happen during adolescence or later in life. Infection of adolescents can result in infectious mononucleosis, an acute serious condition characterized by massive lymphocytosis. Transmission of EBV mainly occurs through saliva but can rarely be spread through semen or blood, e.g. through organ transplantations and blood transfusions. EBV transmission through oral secretions results in infection of epithelial cells of the oropharynx. From the epithelial cells EBV can infect B cells, which are the major reservoir for the virus, but other cell types may also become infected. As a result, EBV can shuttle between different cell types, mainly B cells and epithelial cells. Moreover, since the virus can switch between a latent and a lytic life cycle, EBV has the ability to cause chronic relapsing/reactivating infections. Chronic or recurrent EBV infection of epithelial cells has been linked to systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome, whereas chronic/recurrent infection of B cells has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and other diseases. Accordingly, since EBV can shuttle between epithelial cells and B cells, the systemic autoimmune diseases often occur as overlapping syndromes with symptoms and characteristic autoantibodies (e.g. antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factors) reflecting epithelial and/or B cell infection. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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