Strong ion analysis at the bedside

Autor: Matthew J. Brain, Nithin Abraham Raju, Ryan Hughes
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine. 23:594-601
ISSN: 1472-0299
DOI: 10.1016/j.mpaic.2022.07.011
Popis: Quantitative physicochemical models of human acid–base physiology filled a void between clinical acid–base analysis and general fluid physiology. Established approaches centred on the Henderson–Hasselbalch (HH) equation allow satisfactory bedside exploration of respiratory perturbations, but do not fully elucidate mechanisms of common non-respiratory ‘metabolic’ components. Though useful at the bedside, commonly used ‘rules of thumb’ that classify disturbances based on quantification of bicarbonate relative to CO2 have also fostered a language that often misrepresents bicarbonate physiology. The physicochemical model is frequently perceived as too complex for bedside use, however a set of simplified screening questions based on Stewart's model can be utilized to aid acid-base interpretation. Examples using this approach are included in an online appendix. Emphasis is placed on understanding the consequences of hypoalbuminaemia, volume status, tonicity and chloride derangements as these are common in ICU patients.
Databáze: OpenAIRE