Ligand design for human acetylcholinesterase and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, extending beyond the conventional and canonical
| Autor: | K. Barry Sharpless, Zoran Radić, William Fenical, Gisela Andrea Camacho-Hernandez, Yan Jye Shyong, Palmer Taylor, Zrinka Kovarik, Nathan M. Samskey, Kwok Yiu Ho |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Cholinesterase Reactivators Nicotinic Antagonists Receptors Nicotinic Pharmacology Ligands Biochemistry acetylcholinesterase reactivators (AChE reactivators) cholinergic neurotransmission cholinesterase nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) pyridinium aldoximes Protein Structure Secondary Nicotine 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine medicine Animals Humans Nicotinic Agonists Receptor Acetylcholine receptor Cholinesterase biology Chemistry Ligand (biochemistry) Acetylcholinesterase Protein Structure Tertiary Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 030104 developmental biology Nicotinic agonist Drug Design biology.protein 030217 neurology & neurosurgery medicine.drug |
| Popis: | We detail here distinctive departures from lead classical cholinesterase re-activators, the pyridinium aldoximes, to achieve rapid CNS penetration and reactivation of AChE in the CNS (brain and spinal cord). Such reactivation is consistent with these non-canonical re-activators enhancing survival parameters in both mice and macaques following exposure to organophosphates. Thus, the ideal cholinesterase re-activator should show minimal toxicity, limited inhibitory activity in the absence of an organophosphate, and rapid CNS penetration, in addition to its nucleophilic potential at the target, the conjugated AChE active center. These are structural properties directed to reactivity profiles at the conjugated AChE active center, reinforced by the pharmacokinetic and tissue disposition properties of the re-activator leads. In the case of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists and antagonists, with the many existing receptor subtypes in mammals, we prioritize subtype selectivity in their design. In contrast to nicotine and its analogues that react with panoply of AChR subtypes, the substituted di-2-picolyl amine pyrimidines possess distinctive ionization characteristics reflecting in selectivity for the orthosteric site at the α7 subtypes of receptor. Here, entry to the CNS should be prioritized for the therapeutic objectives of the nicotinic agent influencing aberrant CNS activity in development or in the sequence of CNS ageing (longevity) in mammals, along with general peripheral activities controlling inflammation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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