The pharmacodynamics of minocycline alone and in combination with rifampicin against Staphylococcus aureus studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection
| Autor: | Marie Attwood, Alasdair P. MacGowan, Alan R. Noel, Karen E. Bowker |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
0301 basic medicine Microbiology (medical) Staphylococcus aureus 030106 microbiology Population Minocycline Microbial Sensitivity Tests Pharmacology medicine.disease_cause 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Pharmacokinetics Humans Medicine Pharmacology (medical) 030212 general & internal medicine Dosing education education.field_of_study business.industry Staphylococcal Infections Anti-Bacterial Agents Infectious Diseases Viable count Pharmacodynamics Rifampin business Rifampicin medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 76:1840-1844 |
| ISSN: | 1460-2091 0305-7453 |
| Popis: | Background Tetracyclines are widely used as oral therapy of MRSA infection, however, the pharmacodynamic underpinning is absent. Objectives We employed an in vitro pharmacokinetic model to study the pharmacodynamics of minocycline alone and in combination with rifampicin. Methods An exposure-ranging design was used to establish fAUC/MIC targets for static, −1 log drop and −2 log drop effects against Staphylococcus aureus for minocycline and in combination with rifampicin. We then simulated 7–10 day human dosing of minocycline and the combination. Results The minocycline fAUC/MIC for 24 h static effect and −1 log drop in bacterial load were 12.5 ± 7.1 and 23.3 ± 12.4. fAUC/MIC targets for static and −1 log drop were greater at 48 and 72 h. The addition of simulated free rifampicin associated with dosing 300 mg q12h reduced the 24 h minocycline fAUC/MICs. Simulations performed over 7–10 days exposure indicated that for minocycline standard human doses there was a 1–3 log reduction in viable count and no changes in population profiles. Addition of rifampicin resulted in larger reductions in staphylococcal load but emergence of resistance to rifampicin. There was no resistance to minocycline. Conclusions An fAUC/MIC minocycline target of 12–36 is appropriate for S. aureus. Addition of rifampicin decreases bacterial load but results in emergence of resistance to rifampicin. Unusually, there was no emergence of resistance to minocycline. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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