Gastrointestinal Absorption and Toxicity of Nanoparticles and Microparticles: Myth, Reality and Pitfalls explored through Titanium Dioxide
| Autor: | Rachel E. Hewitt, Alessandra Barreto da Silva, William Thom, Ravin Jugdaohsingh, Jonathan J. Powell, John W. Wills, Michelle Miniter |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Hewitt, Rachel [0000-0002-2367-1822], Wills, John [0000-0002-4347-5394], Jugdaohsingh, Ravin [0000-0001-8074-2992], Powell, Jonathan [0000-0003-2738-1715], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
particle Absorption (skin) 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology 01 natural sciences Article Gastrointestinal absorption 03 medical and health sciences medicine Mesenteric lymph nodes Ingestion 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Peyer’s patch business.industry titanium dioxide nanoparticle Food grade Peyer's patch gastrointestinal 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Lymphatic system Toxicity Immunology business absorption |
| Zdroj: | Curr Opin Toxicol |
| Popis: | Daily oral exposure to vast numbers (>1013/adult/day) of micron or nano-sized persistent particles has become the norm for many populations. Significant airborne particle exposure is deleterious, so what about ingestion? Titanium dioxide in food grade form (fgTiO2) , which is an additive to some foods, capsules, tablets and toothpaste, may provide clues. Certainly, exposed human populations accumulate these particles in specialised intestinal cells at the base of large lymphoid follicles (Peyer’s patches) and it’s likely that a degree of absorption goes beyond this- i.e. lymphatics to blood circulation to tissues. We critically review the evidence and pathways. Regarding potential adverse effects, our primary message, for today’s state-of-art, is that in vivo models have not been good enough and at times woeful. We provide a ‘caveats list’ to improve approaches and experimentation and illustrate why studies on biomarkers of particle uptake, and lower gut /mesenteric lymph nodes as targets, should be prioritized. Medical Research Council [grant number MR/R005699/1], Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education - CAPES [grant number 88881.127953/2016-01], Girton College and the University of Cambridge Herchel-Smith Fellowships |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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