Dermal exposure of applicators to chlorpyrifos on rice farms in Ghana
| Autor: | Cordia Chu, Dung Tri Phung, Des Connell, Jonathan N. Hogarh, Ross Sadler, Paul Osei-Fosu, Albert Atabila |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Insecticides
Environmental Engineering Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0211 other engineering and technologies 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Dermal exposure Ghana Toxicology chemistry.chemical_compound Pesticide use Occupational Exposure Environmental Chemistry Medicine Humans Pesticides 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Skin 021110 strategic defence & security studies business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Agriculture Oryza General Medicine General Chemistry Pesticide Pollution chemistry Chlorpyrifos business |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 178 |
| ISSN: | 1879-1298 |
| Popis: | Studies evaluating dermal exposure to pesticides among applicators in tropical countries have largely been conducted using the patch dosimetry and hand wiping/washing techniques. This study used the more accurate whole-body dosimetry technique to evaluate dermal exposure to chlorpyrifos among applicators on rice farms in Ghana. The exposure levels were plotted as Cumulative Probability Distribution (CPD). Total Dermal Exposure (TDE) of chlorpyrifos among the median exposed and the 5% highly exposed groups during a spray event were 24 mg and 48 mg, respectively. When these were converted as a percentage of the quantity of active ingredient applied (Unit Exposure, UE), UE values of 0.03% and 0.06% were found among the median exposed and the 5% highly exposed groups, respectively. Overall, the hands were the most contaminated anatomical regions of the applicators, both in terms of proportion of TDE (39%) and skin loading (13 μg/cm2). Also, the lower anatomical region was more contaminated (82% of TDE) compared to the upper anatomical region (18% of TDE). The levels of chlorpyrifos TDE among the applicators were found to be influenced by the quantity of insecticide applied and the height of the crops sprayed (p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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