Flood risk management in Sint Maarten–A coupled agent-based and flood modelling method
| Autor: | Yared Abayneh Abebe, Amineh Ghorbani, Zoran Vojinovic, Arlex Sanchez, Igor Nikolic |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Disaster risk reduction Flood risk management Physical hazard 0208 environmental biotechnology Vulnerability 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Management Monitoring Policy and Law 01 natural sciences Disasters Sint maarten City Planning Coastal flood Waste Management and Disposal Environmental planning 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Risk Management Flood myth Socio-hydrology General Medicine Hazard Floods 020801 environmental engineering Agent-based modelling Flood control Small island development states Environmental science Small Island Developing States |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Management, 248 |
| ISSN: | 0364-152X |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109317 |
| Popis: | Disaster risk reduction is a major concern of small island developing states. Measures to reduce risk should not only be based on the magnitude of physical hazard, but also on the exposure and vulnerability of communities. In this article, we examine flood risk management policies in the Caribbean island of Sint Maarten using coupled agent-based and flood models. The agent-based model is used to model actors' behaviour in relation to urban building development and policies that are designed to reduce flood hazard and communities' vulnerability and exposure. The policies considered in the model are a Beach Policy, a Building and Housing Ordinance, a Flood Zoning policy and hazard mitigation structural measures. The flood model is used to simulate coastal and pluvial floods on the island. Agent behaviour such as building new houses and implementing hazard reduction measures affect the flood model as these actions affect the rainfall-runoff process. The flood maps generated from the updated flood model simulations are then used to assess the impact and update agents’ attributes and behaviour. The simulations results show that low-lying areas are populated, which increases the exposure, and the number of vulnerable houses is also high. Hence, out of the four policies, implementing hazard reduction measures is the most important. Reducing the flood hazard by widening existing drainage channels, constructing new ones and building dykes as coastal flood defence would reduce the hazard, hence reducing the number of flooded houses. As it affects all households on the island, the Building and Housing Ordinance is an important policy to reduce vulnerability. In general, the coupled model outputs can be used to inform policy decision making and provide insights to policymakers on the island. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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