Mechanisms of chronic airway obstruction in smokers
| Autor: | Y Martinet, Dan B. Teculescu, Abraham Bohadana |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2004 |
| Předmět: |
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Chronic airway obstruction Inflammation Airflow obstruction Pulmonary function testing FEV1 Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Cigarette smoking Risk Factors Smoke Parenchyma medicine Humans Bronchitis business.industry Smoking Airway inflammation CD8+ T-lymphocytes respiratory system Airway obstruction Eosinophil medicine.disease Airway remodelling respiratory tract diseases Eosinophils medicine.anatomical_structure Immunology medicine.symptom business Airway |
| Zdroj: | Respiratory medicine. 98(2) |
| ISSN: | 0954-6111 |
| Popis: | Studies over the past few decades have showed a clear association between cigarette smoking and the development of chronic airway obstruction. Yet, only a minority of smokers is affected so that in many, even heavy, smokers, pulmonary function remains within normal limits. While carcinogens have been well characterized, there is only limited information about the constituents of cigarette smoke responsible for inducing chronic airway obstruction. In addition, the associated risks factors for airway obstruction in smokers have not been totally identified. The present paper is a review of the recently accumulated facts concerning the intimate action of cigarette smoke at the level of large and small airways and lung parenchyma. The role of classical inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and alveolar macrophages is reviewed, but emphasis is put on recent evidence indicating the involvement of CD8+ T-lymphocytes and possibly eosinophils in the genesis of the structural changes leading to airways obstruction. The mechanisms by which airway inflammation and remodelling cause airway narrowing and airflow limitation are discussed, along with the associated loss of lung elasticity secondary to destructive emphysema. Other biological, epidemiological, physiopathological, and clinical aspects are analyzed, stressing such fundamental aspects as the defence mechanisms, the morpho-functional correlations, the identification of susceptible smokers, and the early detection of airway obstruction, both in specialized laboratories and in primary care. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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