Commentary: Health Review Committee
| Autor: | Bert Brunekreef, Millicent Higgins, Michael Brauer, Richard Smith, John C. Bailar, David Clayton, Manning Feinleib, Brian Leaderer |
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| Rok vydání: | 2003 |
| Předmět: |
Gerontology
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Population Dynamics Air pollution Annual average Toxicology medicine.disease_cause Risk Assessment Death Certificates Education Cohort Studies Air Pollution medicine Humans Aerodynamic diameter Occupations Prospective cohort study Proportional Hazards Models Cardiopulmonary disease American Cancer Society business.industry Reproducibility of Results United States Epidemiologic Studies Protestantism Data Interpretation Statistical Relative risk Epidemiological Monitoring Cohort Seasons Epidemiologic Methods business Environmental Monitoring Demography |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. 66:1655-1688 |
| ISSN: | 1087-2620 1528-7394 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/15287390306434 |
| Popis: | Epidemiologic work conducted over several decades has suggested that long-term residence in cities with elevated ambient levels of air pollution from combustion sources is associated with increased mortality. Subsequently, two prospective cohort studies, the Six Cities Study (as reported in Dockery et al., 1993) and the American Cancer Society (ACS) Study (as reported in Pope et al., 1995), estimated that annual average all-cause mortality increased in association with an increase in fine particles (all particles less than 2.5 µm in median aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5]). As part of the Six Cities Study, Dockery and colleagues (1993) had prospectively followed a cohort of 8111 adult subjects in the northeastern and midwestern United States for 14 to 16 years beginning in the mid-1970s. The authors found that higher ambient levels of fine particles and sulfate (SO ) were associated with a 26% increase in mortality from all causes when comparing the most polluted to the least polluted city and that an increase in fine particles was also associated with increased mortality from cardiopulmonary disease. The relative risks in all-cause mortality were associated with a difference (or range) in ambient fine particle concentrations of 18.6 µg/m 3 and a difference of ambient sulfate concentrations of 8.0 µg/m 3 , comparing the least polluted city to the most polluted city. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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