Racial, Ethnic, and Language Disparities in Early Childhood Developmental/Behavioral Evaluations: A Narrative Review
| Autor: | Christina Bethell, Gregory S. Blaschke, Katharine E. Zuckerman, Kimber M. Mattox, Brianna K. Sinche |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Developmental Disabilities Population Ethnic group Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood Child Behavior Disorders Article Health Services Accessibility Ethnicity Medicine Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Humans Mass Screening Early childhood Psychiatry education Child Mass screening Language education.field_of_study Health Services Needs and Demand business.industry Health Status Disparities medicine.disease Mental health Quality Improvement United States Autism spectrum disorder Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health business |
| Popis: | The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has proposed “Increasing the proportion of children with mental health problems who receive treatment” as one of its Healthy People 2020 Objectives.(1) With high rates (2) and increasing prevalence of childhood behavioral and developmental (DB) conditions,(3–6) promptly identifying and treating these disorders is important so that children’s functional outcomes can be maximized. In addition, since long-term treatment of childhood DB conditions is expensive,(7–9) intervention in early childhood has the potential to produce large cost savings.(10) However, as with other areas of child health,(11, 12) racial/ethnic and language disparities exist in the diagnosis and treatment of early childhood DB conditions. For instance, compared to other children, African-American and Latino children are less likely to be diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and are more likely to be diagnosed at older ages and with more severe symptoms.(13–18) Likewise, African-American and Latino children are less likely to be diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and are less likely to be treated with a stimulant medication once diagnosed.(19–22) Table 1 summarizes recent peer-reviewed studies of diagnostic disparities in ASD and ADHD, two common early childhood developmental conditions. Similar disparities exist in the areas of overall developmental risk,(23) depression and mental health disorders,(24–26) use of psychotropic medications,(27) and use of mental health services.(28) These racial and ethnic disparities deserve increased attention given recent demographic trends: Census estimates suggest that the U.S. population younger than age 5 is nearly 50% racial/ethnic minority,(29) and some states are now “majority minority” for young children (30) Table 1 Racial and Ethnic Differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Diagnosis Rates |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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