A systematic review of alternative surveillance approaches for lymphatic filariasis in low prevalence settings: Implications for postvalidation settings
| Autor: | Themba Mzilahowa, Louise A. Kelly-Hope, Xavier Badia-Rius, Nicholas Riches |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Epidemiology Physiology Cross-sectional study RC955-962 Social Sciences Disease Vectors Global Health Mosquitoes Biochemistry Geographical locations 0302 clinical medicine Sociology Immune Physiology Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Health care Medicine and Health Sciences Prevalence Global health Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays Child Aged 80 and over Disease surveillance Schools Immune System Proteins qx_4 Eukaryota Middle Aged Filariasis Insects American Samoa Infectious Diseases Helminth Infections Child Preschool Epidemiological Monitoring Mass Drug Administration Female Drug Monitoring Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Research Article Neglected Tropical Diseases Adult medicine.medical_specialty wc_880 Arthropoda Infectious Disease Control Adolescent Immunology Oceania 030231 tropical medicine MEDLINE Surveillance Methods Disease Surveillance Research and Analysis Methods Sensitivity and Specificity Antibodies d67ea616 wa_110 Education Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Elephantiasis Filarial Environmental health Parasitic Diseases Disease Transmission Infectious medicine Animals Humans Disease Eradication Immunoassays Aged business.industry Public health Lymphatic Filariasis Organisms Infant Newborn Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Biology and Life Sciences Proteins Infant Tropical Diseases Invertebrates Insect Vectors Species Interactions Cross-Sectional Studies 030104 developmental biology Infectious Disease Surveillance Immunologic Techniques People and places business |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 5, p e0008289 (2020) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES |
| ISSN: | 1935-2735 |
| Popis: | Due to the success of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) many countries have either eliminated the disease as a public health problem or are scheduled to achieve this elimination status in the coming years. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that the Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) is used routinely for post-mass drug administration (MDA) surveillance but it is considered to lack sensitivity in low prevalence settings and not be suitable for post-validation surveillance. Currently there is limited evidence to support programme managers on the design of appropriate alternative strategies to TAS that can be used for post-validation surveillance, as recommended by the WHO. We searched for human and mosquito LF surveillance studies conducted between January 2000 and December 2018 in countries which had either completed MDA or had been validated as having eliminated LF. Article screening and selection were independently conducted. 44 papers met the eligibility criteria, summarising evidence from 22 countries and comprising 83 methodologically distinct surveillance studies. No standardised approach was reported. The most common study type was community-based human testing (n = 42, 47.2%), followed by mosquito xenomonitoring (n = 23, 25.8%) and alternative (non-TAS) forms of school-based human testing (n = 19, 21.3%). Most studies were cross-sectional (n = 61, 73.5%) and used non-random sampling methods. 11 different human diagnostic tests were described. Results suggest that sensitivity of LF surveillance can be increased by incorporating newer human diagnostic tests (including antibody tests) and the use of mosquito xenomonitoring may be able to help identify and target areas of active transmission. Alternative sampling methods including the addition of adults to routine surveillance methods and consideration of community-based sampling could also increase sensitivity. The evidence base to support post-validation surveillance remains limited. Further research is needed on the diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness of new diagnostic tests and methodologies to guide policy decisions and must be conducted in a range of countries. Evidence on how to integrate surveillance within other routine healthcare processes is also important to support the ongoing sustainability of LF surveillance. Author summary Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne disease, which can result in complications including swelling affecting the limbs (lymphoedema) or scrotum (hydrocele). LF can be eliminated by mass drug administration (MDA) which involves whole communities taking drug treatment at regular intervals. After MDA programmes, country programmes conduct the Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS), which tests school children for LF. It is important to continue testing for LF after elimination because there can be a 10-year period between becoming infected and developing symptoms, but it is thought that the use of TAS in such settings is likely to be too expensive and also not sensitive enough to detect low-level infections. Our study assesses the results from 44 studies in areas of low LF prevalence that have investigated methods of surveillance for LF which differ from the standardised TAS approach. These include both human and mosquito studies. Results show that there is currently no standardised approach to testing, but that surveillance can be made more sensitive through the use of new diagnostic tests, such as antibody testing, and also by targeting higher risk populations. However, further research is needed to understand whether these approaches work in a range of settings and whether they are affordable on the ground. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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