KM3NeT front-end and readout electronics system: hardware, firmware and software

Autor: Sebastiano Aiello, Annarita Margiotta, Antonio Marinelli, Christos Markou, Gregory Martignac, Lilian Martin, Juan A. Martínez-Mora, Agnese Martini, Fabio Marzaioli, Safaa Mazzou, Rosa Mele, Karel W. Melis, Pasquale Migliozzi, Emilio Migneco, Piotr Mijakowski, Luis S. Miranda, Carlos M. Mollo, Mauro Morganti, Michael Moser, Abdelilah Moussa, Rasa Muller, Paolo Musico, Mario Musumeci, Lodewijk Nauta, Sergio Navas, Carlo A. Nicolau, Christine Nielsen, Brian Ó Fearraigh, Mukharbek Organokov, Angelo Orlando, Gogita Papalashvili, Riccardo Papaleo, Cosimo Pastore, Gabriela E. Păvălaş, Giuliano Pellegrini, Carmelo Pellegrino, Mathieu Perrin-Terrin, Paolo Piattelli, Camiel Pieterse, Konstantinos Pikounis, Ofelia Pisanti, Chiara Poirè, Georgia Polydefki, Vlad Popa, Maarten Post, Thierry Pradier, Gerd Pühlhofer, Sara Pulvirenti, Liam Quinn, Fabrizio Raffaelli, Nunzio Randazzo, Antonio Rapicavoli, Soebur Razzaque, Diego Real, Stefan Reck, Jonas Reubelt, Giorgio Riccobene, Marc Richer, Louis Rigalleau, Alberto Rovelli, Ilenia Salvadori, Dorothea F. E. Samtleben, Agustin Sánchez Losa, Matteo Sanguineti, Andrea Santangelo, Domenico Santonocito, Piera Sapienza, Jan-Willem Schmelling, Jutta Schnabel, Virginia Sciacca, Jordan Seneca, Irene Sgura, Rezo Shanidze, Ankur Sharma, Francesco Simeone, Anna Sinopoulou, Bernardino Spisso, Maurizio Spurio, Dimitris Stavropoulos, Jos Steijger, Simona M. Stellacci, Bruno Strandberg, Dominik Stransky, Mauro Taiuti, Yahya Tayalati, Enrique Tenllado, Tarak Thakore, Paul Timmer, Steven Tingay, Ekaterini Tzamariudaki, Dimitrios Tzanetatos, Veronique Van Elewyck, Federico Versari, Salvo Viola, Daniele Vivolo, Gwenhael de Wasseige, Joern Wilms, Rafał Wojaczyński, Els de Wolf, Dmitry Zaborov, Angela Zegarelli, Juan D. Zornoza, Juan Zúñiga, Vasilis Panagopoulos, Fabrizio Ameli, Michel Andre, Giorgos Androulakis, Marco Anghinolfi, Gisela Anton, Miquel Ardid, Julien Aublin, Christos Bagatelas, Giancarlo Barbarino, Bruny Baret, Suzan Basegmez du Pree, Anastasios Belias, Meriem Bendahman, Edward Berbee, Ad M. van den Berg, Vincent Bertin, Vincent van Beveren, Simone Biagi, Andrea Biagioni, Matthias Bissinger, Pascal Bos, Jihad Boumaaza, Simon Bourret, Mohammed Bouta, Gilles Bouvet, Mieke Bouwhuis, Cristiano Bozza, Horea Brânzaş, Max M. Briel, Marc Bruchner, Ronald Bruijn, Jurgen Brunner, Ernst-Jan Buis, Raffaele Buompane, Jose Busto, David Calvo, Antonio Capone, Silvia Celli, Mohamed Chabab, Nhan Chau, Silvio Cherubini, Vitaliano Chiarella, Tommaso Chiarusi, Marco Circella, Rosanna Cocimano, Joao A. B. Coelho, Alexis Coleiro, Marta C. Molla, Stephane Colonges, Rosa Coniglione, Paschal Coyle, Alexandre Creusot, Giacomo Cuttone, Antonio D’Amico, Antonio D’Onofrio, Richard Dallier, Mauro De Palma, Irene Di Palma, Antonio F. Díaz, Didac Diego-Tortosa, Carla Distefano, Alba Domi, Roberto Donà, Corinne Donzaud, Damien Dornic, Manuel Dörr, Mora Durocher, Thomas Eberl, Thijs van Eeden, Imad El Bojaddaini, Hassnae Eljarrari, Dominik Elsaesser, Alexander Enzenhöfer, Paolo Fermani, Giovanna Ferrara, Miroslav D. Filipović, Luigi A. Fusco, Deepak Gajanana, Tamas Gal, Alfonso Garcia Soto, Fabio Garufi, Lucio Gialanella, Emidio Giorgio, Sara R. Gozzini, Rodrigo Gracia, Kay Graf, Dario Grasso, Timothee Grégoire, Giuseppe Grella, Daniel Guderian, Carlo Guidi, Steffen Hallmann, Hassane Hamdaoui, Hans van Haren, Aart Heijboer, Amar Hekalo, Juan J. Hernández-Rey, Jannik Hofestädt, Feifei Huang, Enrique H. Santiago, Giulia Illuminati, Clancy W. James, Peter Jansweijer, Martijn Jongen, Maarten de Jong, Paul de Jong, Matthias Kadler, Piotr Kalaczyński, Oleg Kalekin, Uli F. Katz, Nafis R. Khan Chowdhury, Frits van der Knaap, Els N. Koffeman, Paul Kooijman, Antoine Kouchner, Michael Kreter, Vladimir Kulikovskiy, Robert Lahmann, Giuseppina Larosa, Remy Le Breton, Francesco Leone, Emanuele Leonora, Giuseppe Levi, Massimiliano Lincetto, Miles Lindsey Clark, Alessandro Lonardo, Fabio Longhitano, Daniel Lopez-Coto, Giuliano Maggi, Jerzy Mańczak, Karl Mannheim
Přispěvatelé: AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), KM3NeT, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aiello, Sebastiano, Margiotta, Annarita, Marinelli, Antonio, Markou, Christo, Martignac, Gregory, Martin, Lilian, Martínez-Mora, Juan A., Martini, Agnese, Marzaioli, Fabio, Mazzou, Safaa, Mele, Rosa, Melis, Karel W., Migliozzi, Pasquale, Migneco, Emilio, Mijakowski, Piotr, Miranda, Luis S., Mollo, Carlos M., Morganti, Mauro, Moser, Michael, Moussa, Abdelilah, Muller, Rasa, Musico, Paolo, Musumeci, Mario, Nauta, Lodewijk, Navas, Sergio, Nicolau, Carlo A., Nielsen, Christine, Fearraigh, Brian Ó, Organokov, Mukharbek, Orlando, Angelo, Papalashvili, Gogita, Papaleo, Riccardo, Pastore, Cosimo, Păvălaş, Gabriela E., Pellegrini, Giuliano, Pellegrino, Carmelo, Perrin-Terrin, Mathieu, Piattelli, Paolo, Pieterse, Camiel, Pikounis, Konstantino, Pisanti, Ofelia, Poirè, Chiara, Polydefki, Georgia, Popa, Vlad, Post, Maarten, Pradier, Thierry, Pühlhofer, Gerd, Pulvirenti, Sara, Quinn, Liam, Raffaelli, Fabrizio, Randazzo, Nunzio, Rapicavoli, Antonio, Razzaque, Soebur, Real, Diego, Reck, Stefan, Reubelt, Jona, Riccobene, Giorgio, Richer, Marc, Rigalleau, Loui, Rovelli, Alberto, Salvadori, Ilenia, Samtleben, Dorothea F. E., Sánchez Losa, Agustin, Sanguineti, Matteo, Santangelo, Andrea, Santonocito, Domenico, Sapienza, Piera, Schmelling, Jan-Willem, Schnabel, Jutta, Sciacca, Virginia, Seneca, Jordan, Sgura, Irene, Shanidze, Rezo, Sharma, Ankur, Simeone, Francesco, Sinopoulou, Anna, Spisso, Bernardino, Spurio, Maurizio, Stavropoulos, Dimitri, Steijger, Jo, Stellacci, Simona M., Strandberg, Bruno, Stransky, Dominik, Taiuti, Mauro, Tayalati, Yahya, Tenllado, Enrique, Thakore, Tarak, Timmer, Paul, Tingay, Steven, Tzamariudaki, Ekaterini, Tzanetatos, Dimitrio, Van Elewyck, Veronique, Versari, Federico, Viola, Salvo, Vivolo, Daniele, de Wasseige, Gwenhael, Wilms, Joern, Wojaczyński, Rafał, de Wolf, El, Zaborov, Dmitry, Zegarelli, Angela, Zornoza, Juan D., Zúñiga, Juan, Panagopoulos, Vasili, Ameli, Fabrizio, Andre, Michel, Androulakis, Giorgo, Anghinolfi, Marco, Anton, Gisela, Ardid, Miquel, Aublin, Julien, Bagatelas, Christo, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Baret, Bruny, Basegmez du Pree, Suzan, Belias, Anastasio, Bendahman, Meriem, Berbee, Edward, van den Berg, Ad M., Bertin, Vincent, van Beveren, Vincent, Biagi, Simone, Biagioni, Andrea, Bissinger, Matthia, Bos, Pascal, Boumaaza, Jihad, Bourret, Simon, Bouta, Mohammed, Bouvet, Gille, Bouwhuis, Mieke, Bozza, Cristiano, Brânzaş, Horea, Briel, Max M., Bruchner, Marc, Bruijn, Ronald, Brunner, Jurgen, Buis, Ernst-Jan, Buompane, Raffaele, Busto, Jose, Calvo, David, Capone, Antonio, Celli, Silvia, Chabab, Mohamed, Chau, Nhan, Cherubini, Silvio, Chiarella, Vitaliano, Chiarusi, Tommaso, Circella, Marco, Cocimano, Rosanna, Coelho, Joao A. B., Coleiro, Alexi, Molla, Marta C., Colonges, Stephane, Coniglione, Rosa, Coyle, Paschal, Creusot, Alexandre, Cuttone, Giacomo, D’Amico, Antonio, D’Onofrio, Antonio, Dallier, Richard, De Palma, Mauro, Di Palma, Irene, Díaz, Antonio F., Diego-Tortosa, Didac, Distefano, Carla, Domi, Alba, Donà, Roberto, Donzaud, Corinne, Dornic, Damien, Dörr, Manuel, Durocher, Mora, Eberl, Thoma, van Eeden, Thij, El Bojaddaini, Imad, Eljarrari, Hassnae, Elsaesser, Dominik, Enzenhöfer, Alexander, Fermani, Paolo, Ferrara, Giovanna, Filipović, Miroslav D., Fusco, Luigi A., Gajanana, Deepak, Gal, Tama, Garcia Soto, Alfonso, Garufi, Fabio, Gialanella, Lucio, Giorgio, Emidio, Gozzini, Sara R., Gracia, Rodrigo, Graf, Kay, Grasso, Dario, Grégoire, Timothee, Grella, Giuseppe, Guderian, Daniel, Guidi, Carlo, Hallmann, Steffen, Hamdaoui, Hassane, van Haren, Han, Heijboer, Aart, Hekalo, Amar, Hernández-Rey, Juan J., Hofestädt, Jannik, Huang, Feifei, Santiago, Enrique H., Illuminati, Giulia, James, Clancy W., Jansweijer, Peter, Jongen, Martijn, de Jong, Maarten, de Jong, Paul, Kadler, Matthia, Kalaczyński, Piotr, Kalekin, Oleg, Katz, Uli F., Khan Chowdhury, Nafis R., van der Knaap, Frit, Koffeman, Els N., Kooijman, Paul, Kouchner, Antoine, Kreter, Michael, Kulikovskiy, Vladimir, Lahmann, Robert, Larosa, Giuseppina, Le Breton, Remy, Leone, Francesco, Leonora, Emanuele, Levi, Giuseppe, Lincetto, Massimiliano, Lindsey Clark, Mile, Lonardo, Alessandro, Longhitano, Fabio, Lopez-Coto, Daniel, Maggi, Giuliano, Mańczak, Jerzy, Mannheim, Karl, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Sebastiano Aiello, Fabrizio Ameli, Michel Andre, Giorgos Androulaki, Marco Anghinolfi, Gisela Anton, Miquel Ardid, Julien Aublin, Christos Bagatela, Giancarlo Barbarino, Bruny Baret, Suzan Basegmez du Pree, Anastasios Belia, Meriem Bendahman, Edward Berbee, Ad M. van den Berg, Vincent Bertin, Vincent van Beveren, Simone Biagi, Andrea Biagioni, Matthias Bissinger, Pascal Bo, Jihad Boumaaza, Simon Bourret, Mohammed Bouta, Gilles Bouvet, Mieke Bouwhui, Cristiano Bozza, Horea Brânza, Max M. Briel, Marc Bruchner, Ronald Bruijn, Jurgen Brunner, Ernst-Jan Bui, Raffaele Buompane, Jose Busto, David Calvo, Antonio Capone, Silvia Celli, Mohamed Chabab, Nhan Chau, Silvio Cherubini, Vitaliano Chiarella, Tommaso Chiarusi, Marco Circella, Rosanna Cocimano, Joao A. B. Coelho, Alexis Coleiro, Marta C. Molla, Stephane Colonge, Rosa Coniglione, Paschal Coyle, Alexandre Creusot, Giacomo Cuttone, Antonio D’Amico, Antonio D’Onofrio, Richard Dallier, Mauro De Palma, Irene Di Palma, Antonio F. Díaz, Didac Diego-Tortosa, Carla Distefano, Alba Domi, Roberto Donà, Corinne Donzaud, Damien Dornic, Manuel Dörr, Mora Durocher, Thomas Eberl, Thijs van Eeden, Imad El Bojaddaini, Hassnae Eljarrari, Dominik Elsaesser, Alexander Enzenhöfer, Paolo Fermani, Giovanna Ferrara, Miroslav D. Filipovic ́, Luigi A. Fusco, Deepak Gajanana, Tamas Gal, Alfonso Garcia Soto, Fabio Garufi, Lucio Gialanella, Emidio Giorgio, Sara R. Gozzini, Rodrigo Gracia, Kay Graf, Dario Grasso, Timothee Grégoire, Giuseppe Grella, Daniel Guderian, Carlo Guidi, Steffen Hallmann, Hassane Hamdaoui, Hans van Haren, Aart Heijboer, Amar Hekalo, Juan J. Hernández-Rey, Jannik Hofestädt, Feifei Huang, Enrique H. Santiago, Giulia Illuminati, Clancy W. Jame, Peter Jansweijer, Martijn Jongen, Maarten de Jong, Paul de Jong, Matthias Kadler, Piotr Kalaczynski, Oleg Kalekin, Uli F. Katz, Nafis R. Khan Chowdhury, Frits van der Knaap, Els N. Koffeman, Paul Kooijman, Antoine Kouchner, Michael Kreter, Vladimir Kulikovskiy, Robert Lahmann, Giuseppina Larosa, Remy Le Breton, Francesco Leone, Emanuele Leonora, Giuseppe Levi, Massimiliano Lincetto, Miles Lindsey Clark, Alessandro Lonardo, Fabio Longhitano, Daniel Lopez-Coto, Giuliano Maggi, Jerzy Ma ́nczak, Karl Mannheim, Annarita Margiotta, Antonio Marinelli, Christos Markou, Gregory Martignac, Lilian Martin, Juan A. Martínez-Mora, Agnese Martini, Fabio Marzaioli, Safaa Mazzou, Rosa MeleKarel W. Meli, Pasquale Migliozzi, Emilio Migneco, Piotr Mijakowski, Luis S. Miranda, Carlos M. Mollo, Mauro Morganti, Michael Moser, Abdelilah Moussa, Rasa Muller, Paolo Musico, Mario Musumeci, Lodewijk Nauta, Sergio Nava, Carlo A. Nicolau, Christine Nielsen, Brian Ó Fearraigh, Mukharbek Organokov, Angelo Orlando, Vasilis Panagopoulo, Gogita Papalashvili, Riccardo Papaleo, Cosimo Pastore, Gabriela E. Păvăla ̧, Giuliano Pellegrini, Carmelo Pellegrino, Mathieu Perrin-Terrin, Paolo Piattelli, Camiel Pieterse, Konstantinos Pikouni, Ofelia Pisanti, Chiara Poirè, Georgia Polydefki, Vlad Popa, Maarten Post, Thierry Pradier, Gerd Pühlhofer, Sara Pulvirenti, Liam Quinn, Fabrizio Raffaelli, Nunzio Randazzo, Antonio Rapicavoli, Soebur Razzaque, Diego Real, Stefan Reck, Jonas Reubelt, Giorgio Riccobene, Marc Richer, Louis Rigalleau, Alberto Rovelli, Ilenia Salvadori, Dorothea F. E. Samtleben, Agustin Sánchez Losa, Matteo Sanguineti, Andrea Santangelo, Domenico Santonocito, Piera Sapienza, Jan-Willem Schmelling, Jutta Schnabel, Virginia Sciacca, Jordan Seneca, Irene Sgura, Rezo Shanidze, Ankur Sharma, Francesco Simeone, Anna Sinopoulou, Bernardino Spisso, Maurizio Spurio, Dimitris Stavropoulo, Jos Steijger, Simona M. Stellacci, Bruno Strandberg, Dominik Stransky, Mauro Taiuti, Yahya Tayalati, Enrique Tenllado, Tarak Thakore, Paul Timmer, Steven Tingay, Ekaterini Tzamariudaki, Dimitrios Tzanetato, Veronique Van Elewyck, Federico Versari, Salvo Viola, Daniele Vivolo, Gwenhael de Wasseige, Joern Wilm, Rafał Wojaczy ́nski, Els de Wolf, Dmitry Zaborov, Angela Zegarelli, Juan D. Zornoza, Juan Zúñiga, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, 33379009 - Kreter, Michael
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Astrofísica
data acquisition
Computer science
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
readout electronics
sensors
Astrophysics
Neutrino telescope
computer.software_genre
7. Clean energy
01 natural sciences
Signal
Synchronization (alternating current)
Front and back ends
Front-end electronics
readout electronics
neutrino telescope
KM3NeT

Front-end electronics
KM3NeT
Readout electronics
010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Instrumentation
field programmable gate arrays
Firmware
electronics
4. Education
Electrical engineering
Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
front-end electronics
Electronic
Optical and Magnetic Materials

Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Photomultiplier
clocks
front-end electronic
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
FOS: Physical sciences
Partícules (Física nuclear)
010309 optics
0103 physical sciences
Neutrins
readout electronic
14. Life underwater
Electronics
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Cherenkov radiation
Particles (Nuclear physics)
Detectors òptics
logic
Optical detectors
Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC]
Telescopis
business.industry
Mechanical Engineering
neutrino telescope
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science
Control and Systems Engineering
FISICA APLICADA
business
computer
Telescopes
Zdroj: J.Astron.Telesc.Instrum.Syst.
J.Astron.Telesc.Instrum.Syst., 2019, 5 (4), pp.046001. ⟨10.1117/1.JATIS.5.4.046001⟩
UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname
Journal of astronomical telescopes instruments and systems, 5(4):046001. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
ISSN: 2329-4124
Popis: [EN] The KM3NeT research infrastructure being built at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea will host water-Cherenkov telescopes for the detection of cosmic neutrinos. The neutrino telescopes will consist of large volume three-dimensional grids of optical modules to detect the Cherenkov light from charged particles produced by neutrino-induced interactions. Each optical module houses 31 3-in. photomultiplier tubes, instrumentation for calibration of the photomultiplier signal and positioning of the optical module, and all associated electronics boards. By design, the total electrical power consumption of an optical module has been capped at seven Watts. We present an overview of the front-end and readout electronics system inside the optical module, which has been designed for a 1-ns synchronization between the clocks of all optical modules in the grid during a life time of at least 20 years.
The authors acknowledge financial support from the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Grant No. ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (Grant Nos. ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), Paris Ile-de-France Region, France; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, Grant No. FR-18-1268), Georgia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2015/18/E/ST2/00758); National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Plan Estatal de Investigacion [refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)], Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence program (MINECO), Red Consolider MultiDark (ref. FPA2017-90566-REDC, MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolia programs (Generalitat Valenciana), "la Caixa" Foundation (ID 100010434) through the fellowship LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019, and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 713673, Spain.
Databáze: OpenAIRE