Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update
| Autor: | Jamal Uddin, Saidur Rahman, Sushmita Kundu, Sharnali Das, Md. Ataur Rahman, Myung-Geol Pang, Md. Abdul Hannan, Khandkar Shaharina Hossain, Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty insulin Anabolism QH301-705.5 medicine.medical_treatment Adipose tissue 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Review Glucagon Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Internal medicine Insulin Secretion homeostasis medicine Animals Humans Physical and Theoretical Chemistry glucose Biology (General) Molecular Biology QD1-999 Spectroscopy disease biology business.industry Insulin Organic Chemistry health regulation General Medicine Computer Science Applications Insulin receptor Chemistry 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Endocrinology Liver biology.protein Pancreas business Homeostasis Hormone Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 6403, p 6403 (2021) International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Insulin is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted by β cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. The hormone potentially coordinates with glucagon to modulate blood glucose levels; insulin acts via an anabolic pathway, while glucagon performs catabolic functions. Insulin regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream and induces glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, resulting in overall weight gain. The modulation of a wide range of physiological processes by insulin makes its synthesis and levels critical in the onset and progression of several chronic diseases. Although clinical and basic research has made significant progress in understanding the role of insulin in several pathophysiological processes, many aspects of these functions have yet to be elucidated. This review provides an update on insulin secretion and regulation, and its physiological roles and functions in different organs and cells, and implications to overall health. We cast light on recent advances in insulin-signaling targeted therapies, the protective effects of insulin signaling activators against disease, and recommendations and directions for future research. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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