Differential Toxicity of Drinking Water Disinfected with Combinations of Ultraviolet Radiation and Chlorine
| Autor: | Elizabeth D. Wagner, Maria Meyer, Ramesh D. Kashinkunti, Michael J. Plewa, Katherine J. Jamriska, Deborah H. Metz |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Reduced risk
Ultraviolet Rays chemistry.chemical_element Pilot Projects CHO Cells medicine.disease_cause Rivers Cricetinae Water Quality Toxicity Tests Chlorine medicine Animals Environmental Chemistry Uv disinfection Ultraviolet radiation Ohio Cell Death Drinking Water General Chemistry Differential toxicity Disinfection Comet assay chemistry Environmental chemistry Comet Assay Ion Exchange Resins Water quality Ultraviolet Disinfectants Mutagens |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science & Technology. 46:7811-7817 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 0013-936X |
| DOI: | 10.1021/es300859t |
| Popis: | Alternative technologies to disinfect drinking water such as ultraviolet (UV) disinfection are becoming more widespread. The benefits of UV disinfection include reduced risk of microbial pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and reduced production of regulated drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The objective of this research was to determine if mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity varied in response to different chlorination protocols with and without polychromatic medium pressure UV (MPUV) and monochromatic low pressure UV (LPUV) disinfection technologies. The specific aims were to analyze the mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of concentrated organic fractions from source water before and after chlorination and to determine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the concentrated organic fractions from water samples treated with UV alone or UV before or after chlorination. Exposure of granular activated carbon-filtered Ohio River water to UV alone resulted in the lowest levels of mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. With combinations of UV and chlorine, the lowest levels of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were observed with MPUV radiation. The best combined UV plus chlorine methodology that generated the lowest cytotoxicity and genotoxicity employed chlorination first followed by MPUV radiation. These data may prove important in the development of multibarrier methods of pathogen inactivation of drinking water, while limiting unintended toxic consequences. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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