Investigation of the neural basis of expectation-based analgesia in the human brainstem and spinal cord by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging
| Autor: | Jocelyn M Powers, Patrick W. Stroman, Gabriela Ioachim, Howard J M Warren, K. McNeil |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Functional magnetic resonance imaging Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Pain Stimulation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Audiology Stimulus (physiology) Arousal 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Noxious stimulus Medicine Original Research Article 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Spinal cord medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Expectation Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine medicine.anatomical_structure Nociception Neurology (clinical) Brainstem business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery RC321-571 |
| Zdroj: | Neurobiology of Pain Neurobiology of Pain, Vol 10, Iss, Pp 100068-(2021) |
| ISSN: | 2452-073X |
| Popis: | Highlights • Expectation of lower pain results in lower perceived pain in healthy humans. • This expectation analgesia is mediated by descending regulation of the spinal cord. • Connectivity analyses showed effects of expecting lower pain prior to stimulation. • Expectation analgesia involves regions linked to arousal and autonomic regulation. Purpose The expected intensity of pain resulting from a noxious stimulus has been observed to have a strong influence on the pain that is perceived. The neural basis of pain reduction, as a result of expecting lower pain, was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the brainstem and spinal cord. Methods Functional MRI studies were carried out in a region spanning the brainstem and cervical spinal cord in healthy participants. Participants were familiarized with a noxious heat stimulus and study procedures in advance, and were informed during each trial that either a heat calibrated to produce moderate pain (Base state), or a temperature 1 °C lower (Low state), would be applied to their hand. However, the Base temperature was applied in every trial. Results Pain ratings were significantly reduced as a result of expecting lower temperatures. FMRI results demonstrate blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal variations in response to participants being informed of the stimulus to expect, in advance of stimulation, and in response to stimulation. Significant coordination of BOLD signals was also detected across specific brainstem and spinal cord regions, with connectivity strengths that varied significantly with the study condition, and with individual pain ratings. The results identify regions that are known to be involved with arousal and autonomic regulation. Conclusions Expectation-based analgesia is mediated by descending regulation of spinal cord nociceptive responses. This regulation appears to be related to arousal and autonomic regulation, consistent with the cognitive/affective dimension of pain. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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