Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals
| Autor: | Itziar Serrano-Munoz, Alexander Evans, Tobias Fritsch, Thomas Kannengießer, Tatiana Mishurova, Alexander Ulbricht, Maximilian Sprengel, Arne Kromm, Jakob Schröder, Giovanni Bruno |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Diffraction
Fabrication Materials science Mining engineering. Metallurgy residual stress analysis Metals and Alloys TN1-997 Mechanical engineering Laser diffraction-elastic constants Characterization (materials science) law.invention strain-free lattice spacing Lattice constant Residual stress law Distortion X-ray and neutron diffraction Thermal General Materials Science laser-based additive manufacturing |
| Zdroj: | Metals, Vol 11, Iss 1830, p 1830 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2075-4701 |
| Popis: | Laser-based additive manufacturing methods allow the production of complex metal structures within a single manufacturing step. However, the localized heat input and the layer-wise manufacturing manner give rise to large thermal gradients. Therefore, large internal stress (IS) during the process (and consequently residual stress (RS) at the end of production) is generated within the parts. This IS or RS can either lead to distortion or cracking during fabrication or in-service part failure, respectively. With this in view, the knowledge on the magnitude and spatial distribution of RS is important to develop strategies for its mitigation. Specifically, diffraction-based methods allow the spatial resolved determination of RS in a non-destructive fashion. In this review, common diffraction-based methods to determine RS in laser-based additive manufactured parts are presented. In fact, the unique microstructures and textures associated to laser-based additive manufacturing processes pose metrological challenges. Based on the literature review, it is recommended to (a) use mechanically relaxed samples measured in several orientations as appropriate strain-free lattice spacing, instead of powder, (b) consider that an appropriate grain-interaction model to calculate diffraction-elastic constants is both material- and texture-dependent and may differ from the conventionally manufactured variant. Further metrological challenges are critically reviewed and future demands in this research field are discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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