Biodiesel Production from Melia azedarach and Ricinus communis Oil by Transesterification Process
| Autor: | Muhammad Rasheed, Iram Batool, Sami Ullah Khan, Muhammad Awais, Sa'ed A. Musmar, Farrukh Jamil, Faryal Kabir, Iskander Tlili |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
020209 energy Melia azedarach Ricinoleic acid biodiesel 02 engineering and technology lcsh:Chemical technology 01 natural sciences Catalysis Ricinus communis transesterification fatty acid lcsh:Chemistry chemistry.chemical_compound 010608 biotechnology 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering lcsh:TP1-1185 Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Animal fat Biodiesel Chromatography biology Transesterification biology.organism_classification Oleic acid chemistry lcsh:QD1-999 Biodiesel production Methanol |
| Zdroj: | Catalysts, Vol 10, Iss 427, p 427 (2020) Catalysts; Volume 10; Issue 4; Pages: 427 |
| ISSN: | 2073-4344 |
| Popis: | Biodiesel is a renewable fuel usually produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. This study investigates the extraction of oil and its conversion into biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification. Firstly, the effect of various solvents (methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, di-ethyl ether) on extraction of oil from non-edible crops, such as R. communis and M. azedarach, were examined. It was observed that a higher concentration of oil was obtained from R. communis (43.6%) as compared to M. azedarach (35.6%) by using methanol and n-hexane, respectively. The extracted oils were subjected to NaOH (1%) catalyzed transesterification by analyzing the effect of oil/methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10) and varying temperature (20, 40, 60 and 80 °C) for 2.5 h of reaction time. M. azedarach yielded 88% and R. communis yielded 93% biodiesel in 1:6 and 1:8 molar concentrations at ambient temperature whereas, 60 °C was selected as an optimum temperature, giving 90% (M. azedarach) and 94% (R. communis) biodiesel. The extracted oil and biodiesel were characterized for various parameters and most of the properties fulfilled the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard biodiesel. The further characterization of fatty acids was done by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) and oleic acid was found to be dominant in M. azedarach (61.5%) and R. communis contained ricinoleic acid (75.53%). Furthermore, the functional groups were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results suggested that both of the oils are easily available and can be used for commercial biodiesel production at a cost-effective scale. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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