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Plants are prone to various infections and diseases caused by viruses and microbes which adversely affects plants productivity, yield and global food security. Since ages disease free plants were produced using conventional breeding methods, but these approaches are mainly labor extensive and expensive. Thus, various advance technologies have been developed which helps to fight against disease causing pathogens. Techniques like plant tissue culture, use of plantibodies and genetic engineering has helped to gain or to modulate the desired traits in crop varieties. Improvements in Tissue culture techniques like Micropropagation, Meristem Culture and Somaclonal Variation have led to the production of disease and virus free plants. Genetic engineering is also a promising technique as it involves modification and engineering of genes having essential role in providing plant immunity against pathogens. Agrobacterium mediated transformation is associated with plant defense mechanism to produce genetically modified plants. Also nowadays plantibodies is a transgenic approach of introducing antibody specific against a target on pathogen as a transgene in the plant and has helped in making plants pathogens' resistant endogenously. Subcellular expression of which will attack the specific antigen on invading pathogen. All these methods help to obtain disease free plants which will be safe for human consumptions and other applications |
