Benchmarking of graphene-based materials:Real commercial products versus ideal graphene
| Autor: | Andrea Liscio, Meganne Christian, Ian A. Kinloch, Vittorio Morandi, Vincenzo Palermo, Emanuele Treossi, Filippo Valorosi, Alessandra Scidà, Alex Boschi, Alessandro Kovtun, Nicola Mirotta, Robert J. Young, Costas Galiotis |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences law.invention x-rays photoelectron spectroscopy law industrial materials General Materials Science Process engineering materials characterization Ideal (set theory) Graphene business.industry Atomic force microscopy Mechanical Engineering graphene General Chemistry Benchmarking 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Condensed Matter Physics 0104 chemical sciences metrology Mechanics of Materials 0210 nano-technology business |
| Zdroj: | Kovtun, A, Treossi, E, Mirotta, N, Scidà, A, Liscio, A, Christian, M, Valorosi, F, Boschi, A, Young, R J, Galiotis, C, Kinloch, I A, Morandi, V & Palermo, V 2019, ' Benchmarking of graphene-based materials : Real commercial products versus ideal graphene ', 2D Materials, vol. 6, no. 2, 025006 . https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aafc6e 2D Materials 2D materials 6 (2019): 025006. doi:10.1088/2053-1583/aafc6e info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Kovtun, Alessandro; Treossi, Emanuele; Mirotta, Nicola; Scida, Alessandra; Liscio, Andrea; Christian, Meganne; Valorosi, Filippo; Boschi, Alex; Young, Robert J.; Galiotis, Costas; Kinloch, Ian A.; Morandi, Vittorio; Palermo, Vincenzo/titolo:Benchmarking of graphene-based materials: real commercial products versus ideal graphene/doi:10.1088%2F2053-1583%2Faafc6e/rivista:2D materials/anno:2019/pagina_da:025006/pagina_a:/intervallo_pagine:025006/volume:6 |
| ISSN: | 2053-1583 0957-4484 |
| Popis: | There are tens of industrial producers claiming to sell graphene and related materials (GRM), mostly as solid powders. Recently the quality of commercial GRM has been questioned, and procedures for GRM quality control were suggested using Raman Spectroscopy or Atomic Force Microscopy. Such techniques require dissolving the sample in solvents, possibly introducing artefacts. A more pragmatic approach is needed, based on fast measurements and not requiring any assumption on GRM solubility. To this aim, we report here an overview of the properties of commercial GRM produced by selected companies in Europe, USA and Asia. We benchmark: (A) size, (B) exfoliation grade and (C) oxidation grade of each GRM versus the ones of 'ideal' graphene and, most importantly, versus what reported by the producer. In contrast to previous works, we report explicitly the names of the GRM producers and we do not re-dissolve the GRM in solvents, but only use techniques compatible with industrial powder metrology. A general common trend is observed: Products having low defectivity (%sp2 bonds >95%) feature low surface area (2 g-1), while highly exfoliated GRM show a lower sp2 content, demonstrating that it is still challenging to exfoliate GRM at industrial level without adding defects. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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