Parameters Affecting Noise Emitted by Ships Moving in Port Areas
| Autor: | M. Bernardini, Gaetano Licitra, Luca Teti, Marco Nastasi, F. Fidecaro, Luca Fredianelli |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Harbor noise
Multiple regression analysis Noise characterization Noise emission Noise measurements Noise pass-by Port noise Ship noise Sustainable management sustainable management Microphone Computer science Acoustics ship noise lcsh:TJ807-830 Geography Planning and Development lcsh:Renewable energy sources 010501 environmental sciences Management Monitoring Policy and Law 01 natural sciences Standard deviation noise characterization 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine 030212 general & internal medicine harbor noise Transit (satellite) lcsh:Environmental sciences 0105 earth and related environmental sciences lcsh:GE1-350 Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants noise pass-by multiple regression analysis Sound power Port (computer networking) Noise noise emission lcsh:TD194-195 Acoustic propagation noise measurements port noise Focus (optics) |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 8742, p 8742 (2020) Sustainability Volume 12 Issue 20 |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/su12208742 |
| Popis: | Only recently has noise been considered in the assessment of the sustainability of port infrastructures, after decades of unawareness. INTERREG Maritime projects unveiled problems that have been neglected so far, such as the lack of proper regulation and noise exposure assessments for citizens. While it is true that a port area includes a huge variety of possible noise sources, very few of them have been characterized from an acoustical point of view. INTERREG projects have boosted research in the field, and previous studies have dealt with noise produced by moving ships in ports. The present work starts from a previous measurement campaign used to obtain broadband and 1/3-octave-band noise emissions of moving ships, and it aims to explain their uncertainties. More than a month&rsquo s worth of continuous acoustic measurements and video recordings were deeply analyzed in order to obtain an input database that is as precise as possible. A multiple regression analysis was performed in order to understand the influence that parameters such as minimum distance, speed, and draught have on ships&rsquo noise emissions, which were calculated using pass-by measurements, with a special focus on ferries. The minimum distance of each ship&rsquo s passage from the microphone was measured using a video recording with an innovative methodology, providing results with 3 m of uncertainty. Knowing which parameter is more influential would help in planning proper measurements for monitoring or for drafting correct guidelines. Draught was determined to be uninfluential in ferries&rsquo noise emissions, while the minimum distance and speed relations were estimated and accounted for in the calculation of a refined sound power level. From a spectrum point of view, the frequencies from 500 Hz to 2.5 kHz were determined to be those that contributed the most to the noise produced by the transit of a ship, and they vary with speed. With the studied corrections, different ferry models resulted in similar noise emissions. The standard deviation of noise emitted was reduced by 0.5 dB (A), and the average was also improved by positioning the ships&rsquo flow at the correct average minimum distance. Furthermore, the right placement of a source is also important in the acoustic mapping phase for a correct evaluation of the propagation of noise at a distance. The use of more precise input data is important for improving the output of acoustic propagation models during the assessment of port noise in the surrounding areas. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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