Long-Term Effects of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Compared with Non-Sexual War Trauma in Female World War II Survivors: A Matched Pairs Study
| Autor: | Thomas Klauer, Elena Grundke, Heide Glaesmer, Robert H. Pietrzak, Philipp Kuwert, Svenja Eichhorn, Harald J. Freyberger |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty World War II Shell shock Poison control Suicide prevention Stress Disorders Post-Traumatic Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Surveys and Questionnaires Injury prevention medicine Humans Survivors Psychiatry General Psychology Aged Aged 80 and over Sexual violence Posttraumatic growth social sciences Anxiety Disorders humanities Case-Control Studies Rape Anxiety Female War Crimes medicine.symptom Psychology Clinical psychology Psychopathology |
| Zdroj: | Archives of Sexual Behavior. 43:1059-1064 |
| ISSN: | 1573-2800 0004-0002 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10508-014-0272-8 |
| Popis: | The aim of the study was to compare the long-term effects of conflict-related sexual violence experienced at the end of World War II (WWII) with non-sexual WWII trauma (e.g., being exposed to shell shock or physical violence). A total of 27 elderly wartime rape survivors were compared to age- and gender-matched control subjects who were drawn from a larger sample of subjects over 70 years of age who had experienced WWII-related trauma. A modified version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale was used to assess trauma characteristics and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 was used to assess current psychopathology. Additionally, measures of posttraumatic growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory) and social acknowledgement as a trauma survivor (Social Acknowledgement Questionnaire) were used to assess two mediating variables in post-trauma conditions of rape victims. Women exposed to conflict-related sexual violence reported greater severity of PTSD-related avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms, as well as anxiety, compared with female long-term survivors of non-sexual WWII trauma. The vast majority (80.9 %) of these women also reported severe sexual problems during their lifetimes relative to 19.0 % of women who experienced non-sexual war trauma. Women exposed to conflict-related sexual violence also reported greater posttraumatic growth, but less social acknowledgement as trauma survivors, compared to survivors of non-sexual war trauma. The results were consistent with emerging neurobiological research, which suggests that different traumas may be differentially associated with long-term posttraumatic sequelae in sexual assault survivors than in other survivor groups and highlights the need to treat (or better prevent) deleterious effects of conflict-related sexual violence in current worldwide crisis zones. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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