Catalytic Hot Gas Cleanup of Biomass Gasification Producer Gas via Steam Reforming Using Nickel-Supported Clay Minerals
| Autor: | Ray Mark Bricka, Devin Peck, Prashanth R. Buchireddy, Mark E. Zappi |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
biomass gasification
tar removal/conversion clay steam reforming nickel montmorillonite Control and Optimization Materials science 020209 energy Energy Engineering and Power Technology chemistry.chemical_element 02 engineering and technology lcsh:Technology complex mixtures Catalysis Steam reforming chemistry.chemical_compound 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering (miscellaneous) Naphthalene Wood gas generator lcsh:T Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Tar Producer gas Coke 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Nickel Chemical engineering chemistry 0210 nano-technology Energy (miscellaneous) |
| Zdroj: | Energies, Vol 14, Iss 1875, p 1875 (2021) Energies; Volume 14; Issue 7; Pages: 1875 |
| ISSN: | 1996-1073 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/en14071875 |
| Popis: | Amongst the issues associated with the commercialization of biomass gasification, the presence of tars has been one of the most difficult aspects to address. Tars are an impurity generated from the gasifier and upon their condensation cause problems in downstream equipment including plugging, blockages, corrosion, and major catalyst deactivation. These problems lead to losses of efficiency as well as potential maintenance issues resulting from damaged processing units. Therefore, the removal of tars is necessary in order for the effective operation of a biomass gasification facility for the production of high-value fuel gas. The catalytic activity of montmorillonite and montmorillonite-supported nickel as tar removal catalysts will be investigated in this study. Ni-montmorillonite catalyst was prepared, characterized, and tested in a laboratory-scale reactor for its efficiency in reforming tars using naphthalene as a tar model compound. Efficacy of montmorillonite-supported nickel catalyst was tested as a function of nickel content, reaction temperature, steam-to-carbon ratio, and naphthalene loading. The results demonstrate that montmorillonite is catalytically active in removing naphthalene. Ni-montmorillonite had high activity towards naphthalene removal via steam reforming, with removal efficiencies greater than 99%. The activation energy was calculated for Ni-montmorillonite assuming first-order kinetics and was found to be 84.5 kJ/mole in accordance with the literature. Long-term activity tests were also conducted and showed that the catalyst was active with naphthalene removal efficiencies greater than 95% maintained over a 97-h test period. A little loss of activity was observed with a removal decrease from 97% to 95%. To investigate the decrease in catalytic activity, characterization of fresh and used catalyst samples was performed using thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface area analysis. The loss in activity was attributed to a decrease in catalyst surface area caused by nickel sintering and coke formation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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