Recreational Exposure to Low Concentrations of Microcystins During an Algal Bloom in a Small Lake
| Autor: | Stephanie Kieszak, Vincent R. Hill, Barbara Kirkpatrick, Wayne W. Carmichael, Trisha B. Johnson, Lorraine C. Backer, Mitch Irvin, Kate Nierenberg, Yue Zhou, Christopher Williams, Yung-Sung Cheng |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Veterinary medicine Microcystis Adolescent Microcystins Pharmaceutical Science Fresh Water Wind Microcystin Aerosol exposures blue-green algae cyanobacteria microcystins Microcystis aeruginosa waterborne exposures Algal bloom Article Young Adult Drug Discovery polycyclic compounds Humans Child lcsh:QH301-705.5 Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) Aged Aerosols chemistry.chemical_classification biology fungi Environmental Exposure Environmental exposure Eutrophication Middle Aged biology.organism_classification United States Fecal coliform lcsh:Biology (General) chemistry Environmental chemistry Recreation Female Public Health Water quality Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Marine Drugs Marine Drugs; Volume 6; Issue 2; Pages: 389-406 Marine Drugs, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 389-406 (2008) |
| ISSN: | 1660-3397 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/md20080018 |
| Popis: | We measured microcystins in blood from people at risk for swallowing water or inhaling spray while swimming, water skiing, jet skiing, or boating during an algal bloom. We monitored water samples from a small lake as a Microcystis aeruginosa bloom developed. We recruited 97 people planning recreational activities in that lake and seven others who volunteered to recreate in a nearby bloom-free lake. We conducted our field study within a week of finding a 10-microg/L microcystin concentration. We analyzed water, air, and human blood samples for water quality, potential human pathogens, algal taxonomy, and microcystin concentrations. We interviewed study participants for demographic and current health symptom information. Water samples were assayed for potential respiratory viruses (adenoviruses and enteroviruses), but none were detected. We did find low concentrations of Escherichia coli, indicating fecal contamination. We found low levels of microcystins (2 microg/L to 5 microg/L) in the water and (0.1 ng/m(3)) in the aerosol samples. Blood levels of microcystins for all participants were below the limit of detection (0.147 microg/L). Given this low exposure level, study participants reported no symptom increases following recreational exposure to microcystins. This is the first study to report that water-based recreational activities can expose people to very low concentrations of aerosol-borne microcystins; we recently conducted another field study to assess exposures to higher concentrations of these algal toxins. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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