Glutathione plays an essential role in nitric oxide-mediated iron-deficiency signaling and iron-deficiency tolerance in Arabidopsis
| Autor: | Munkhtsetseg Tsednee, Varanavasiappan Shanmugam, Kuo-Chen Yeh, Yi-Wen Wang, Krithika Karunakaran |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
FMN Reductase
Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Iron Mutant Arabidopsis Plant Science Nitric Oxide Plant Roots Nitric oxide S-Nitrosoglutathione chemistry.chemical_compound Gene Expression Regulation Plant Genetics Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors Buthionine sulfoximine Iron deficiency (plant disorder) Buthionine Sulfoximine Cation Transport Proteins biology Arabidopsis Proteins Wild type Cell Biology Glutathione biology.organism_classification Plants Genetically Modified Biochemistry chemistry Mutation Plant Shoots Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. 84(3) |
| ISSN: | 1365-313X |
| Popis: | Iron (Fe) deficiency is a common agricultural problem that affects both the productivity and nutritional quality of plants. Thus, identifying the key factors involved in the tolerance of Fe deficiency is important. In the present study, the zir1 mutant, which is glutathione deficient, was found to be more sensitive to Fe deficiency than the wild type, and grew poorly in alkaline soil. Other glutathione-deficient mutants also showed various degrees of sensitivity to Fe-limited conditions. Interestingly, we found that the glutathione level was increased under Fe deficiency in the wild type. By contrast, blocking glutathione biosynthesis led to increased physiological sensitivity to Fe deficiency. On the other hand, overexpressing glutathione enhanced the tolerance to Fe deficiency. Under Fe-limited conditions, glutathione-deficient mutants, zir1, pad2 and cad2 accumulated lower levels of Fe than the wild type. The key genes involved in Fe uptake, including IRT1, FRO2 and FIT, are expressed at low levels in zir1; however, a split-root experiment suggested that the systemic signals that govern the expression of Fe uptake-related genes are still active in zir1. Furthermore, we found that zir1 had a lower accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) and NO reservoir S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Although NO is a signaling molecule involved in the induction of Fe uptake-related genes during Fe deficiency, the NO-mediated induction of Fe-uptake genes is dependent on glutathione supply in the zir1 mutant. These results provide direct evidence that glutathione plays an essential role in Fe-deficiency tolerance and NO-mediated Fe-deficiency signaling in Arabidopsis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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