Few Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial Gene Duplicates Contribute to Male Germline-Specific Functions in Humans
| Autor: | Esther Betrán, Mohammadmehdi Eslamieh, Anna Williford |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Genetics Non-Mendelian inheritance Mitochondrial DNA Letter biology gene duplication biology.organism_classification Genome nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes male-biased expression 03 medical and health sciences 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine Gene duplication Gene family Human genome human Drosophila melanogaster Gene 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
| Zdroj: | Genome Biology and Evolution |
| ISSN: | 1759-6653 |
| Popis: | Most of the genes encoding proteins that function in the mitochondria are located in the nucleus and are called nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, or N-mt genes. In Drosophila melanogaster, about 23% of N-mt genes fall into gene families, and all duplicates with tissue-biased expression (76%) are testis biased. These genes are enriched for energy-related functions and tend to be older than other duplicated genes in the genome. These patterns reveal strong selection for the retention of new genes for male germline mitochondrial functions. The two main forces that are likely to drive changes in mitochondrial functions are maternal inheritance of mitochondria and male–male competition for fertilization. Both are common among animals, suggesting similar N-mt gene duplication patterns in different species. To test this, we analyzed N-mt genes in the human genome. We find that about 18% of human N-mt genes fall into gene families, but unlike in Drosophila, only 28% of the N-mt duplicates have tissue-biased expression and only 36% of these have testis-biased expression. In addition, human testis-biased duplicated genes are younger than other duplicated genes in the genome and have diverse functions. These contrasting patterns between species might reflect either differences in selective pressures for germline energy-related or other mitochondrial functions during spermatogenesis and fertilization, or differences in the response to similar pressures. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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