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Nieciecka Adrianna, Paszkowska Aleksandra, Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia, Lamch Magdalena, Jabłońska Monika, Janiszewska Marta, Błasik Natalia, Groszyk Patryk. The problem of anemia in elderly patients. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(7):760-774. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.074 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.07.074 https://zenodo.org/record/6905974 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.07.2022. Revised: 17.07.2022. Accepted: 25.07.2022. The problem of anemia in elderly patients Adrianna Nieciecka1 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-3388; adanieciecka4@gmail.com Aleksandra Paszkowska1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-6369; aleksandra.e.paszkowska@gmail.com Kornelia Kędziora - Kornatowska1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-5252; kornelia.kornatowska@cm.umk.pl Magdalena Lamch1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-8190; magdalena.lamch@gmail.com Monika Jabłońska1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-6791; monkajablonska@wp.pl Marta Janiszewska1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-234X; marta.mrt09407@interia.pl Natalia Błasik1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-1346; nataliablasik02@gmail.com Patryk Groszyk1 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-2454; patrykgroszyk@gmail.com 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland Abstract Introduction and purpose: As healthcare develops, life expectancy increases. This makes anemia of the elderly an increasingly common problem. The appearance of this disease is influenced by many factors related to the aging process of the organism. The purpose of this study is to review information about the different mechanisms of anemia development in the elderly and to present the associated difficulties in medical practice. Description of the state of knowledge: Many different factors can affect the process of anemia. The causes of this disorder include chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer and nutritional deficiencies. Endocrine status is also important. The chronic inflammatory process may induce haemolysis and lead to the increased synthesis of hepcidin, which by blocking the activity of ferroportin leads to a decrease in the level of iron ions in the blood. Deficiency anemia often results from reduced appetite, inadequate quality of meals, chronic inflammation or taking medications without consulting a doctor. The consequence is a reduced level of iron and vitamin B12 and folic acid, which play a role in erythropoiesis. The hormones that play a significant role in the process of making red blood cells include erythropoietin, testosterone and thyroid hormones. Summary: Anemia is a common problem among geriatric patients and one of the factors contributing to the increase in mortality in this age group. In medical care it is difficult to distinguish which symptoms are pathological and which are related to the natural aging process, overlapping symptoms of many diseases and related diagnostic problems. Diagnostics is a particular challenge due to the multi-morbidity, which is associated with taking many drugs with different mechanisms of action and side effects. Keywords: anemia; aging; comorbidity; nutrient-deficiency anemia; inflammation |
